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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 235-243-3 | CAS number: 12138-09-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2002-02-07,2002-02-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
- Report date:
- 2002
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- traditional method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tungsten
- EC Number:
- 231-143-9
- EC Name:
- Tungsten
- Cas Number:
- 7440-33-7
- Molecular formula:
- W
- IUPAC Name:
- tungsten
- Reference substance name:
- Sulfur
- EC Number:
- 231-722-6
- EC Name:
- Sulfur
- Cas Number:
- 7704-34-9
- Molecular formula:
- S
- IUPAC Name:
- sulfur
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Particle size distribution: D50= 3.1 um; D90=6.5 um
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD):
- Density: 7.69 g/cm3
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: batch no.16031/01
- Expiration date of the lot/batch:2002-04-01
- Purity test date: >98%
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in a dark dry place
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: particle size distribution
- Final preparation of a solid: test material was ground with a blender
FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST (if different from that of starting material): test material was grounded
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Wiga GmbH, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Females (if applicable) nulliparous and non-pregnant: [yes/no]: yes
- Age at study initiation: 5-6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: mean body weight of 305 g and 192 g for male and female animals, respectively
- Housing:suspended stainless steel cages fitted with wire-mesh floor and front
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 41 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): between 20.0 and 24.3 °C
- Humidity (%): 70% relative humidity
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:2001-08-17,2002-02-18
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose/head only
- Vehicle:
- air
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD):
- ca. 3 µm
- Geometric standard deviation (GSD):
- ca. 1.9
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: nose-only inhalation chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: ca.50
- Method of holding animals in test chamber:secured in plastic animal holders (Battelle), positioned radially through the outer cylinder around the central column
- Source and rate of air: air controlled by a pressure reducing valve at 0.76 bar
- Method of conditioning air:
- System of generating particulates/aerosols:
- Method of particle size determination:
- Treatment of exhaust air:
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber:
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used:
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes/no
VEHICLE
- Composition of vehicle (if applicable):
- Concentration of test material in vehicle (if applicable):
- Justification of choice of vehicle:
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity:
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution:
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.):
CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration: - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 min
- Concentrations:
- 5.25 +/- 0.13 g/m3
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 male and 5 female rats
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
Other examinations performed: clinical signs, and body weight
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Preliminary study trials were used to generate a test atmosphere with the test material and a MMAD was used to measure particle size distribution
Effect levels
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- ca. 5.25 other: g/m3
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- No mortality occurred during exposure or during the 14-day observation period.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical signs during exposure consisted of a slightly decreased breathing rate, observed in eight animals, and slight laboured breathing, observed in one animal. Shortly after exposure, all animals felt cold. Black discolouration of the head was observed
- Body weight:
- Overall body weight gain in males was considered to be within normal limits for animals of this strain and age. Overall body weight gain in females was considered to be within normal limits during the first week of the observation period, and low during the second week of the observation period.
- Gross pathology:
- At necropsy, treatment-related macroscopic changes consisted of grey discolouration of the lungs in seven animals.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The 4-hour LC50 value of an aerosol of Tungsten disulfide was larger than 5.25 g/m3 for both sexes.
- Executive summary:
The acute inhalation toxicity of tungsten disulphide was studied by nose-only exposure of one group of five male and five female rats for a 4-hour period to a test atmosphere containing an aerosol of tungsten disulphide at the limit concentration of 5.25 ± 0.13 g/m3•The Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter of the particles in the test atmosphere was measured once before and once during exposure and yielded 2.7 and 3.0µm, respectively. The distribution of particle sizes had a geometric standard deviation of 1.9 in both instances. After exposure, the animals were kept for a 14-day observation period. Clinical signs during exposure consisted of a slightly decreased breathing rat in right animals as well as labored breathing in one animal. All animls felt cold after exposure and had a black discoloration on their heads. The overall body weight gain in males were considered to be within normal limts. Overall body weight gain in females was considered to be within normal limits during the first week of the observation period, and low during the second week of the observation period.
No mortality occurred during exposure or during the 14 -day observation period.The 4-hour LC50 value of an aerosol of tugsten disulphide was larger than 5.25 g/m3 for both sexes.
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