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EC number: 232-489-3 | CAS number: 8052-41-3 A colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in a range of approximately 148.8°C to 204.4°C (300°F to 400°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 13 weeks
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies. III. Animal and human response to vapors of Stoddard solvent.
- Author:
- Carpenter CP, Kinkead ER, Geary Jr, Sullivan LJ, & King JM
- Year:
- 1 975
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 32: 282-297.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 25 male Harlan-Wistar rats to white spirit (Stoddard solvent) vapour at levels of 0 mg/m3, 480 mg/m3 (84 ppm), 1100 mg/m3 (190 ppm) and 1900 mg/m3 (330 ppm) (boiling range, 152-194°C; 47.7% aliphatics, 37.6% cyclic aliphatics, 14.7% aromatics) for a period of 13 weeks(6 h/day, 5 days/week).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Stoddard solvent
- EC Number:
- 232-489-3
- EC Name:
- Stoddard solvent
- Cas Number:
- 8052-41-3
- Molecular formula:
- C10H22
- IUPAC Name:
- stoddard solvent
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Stoddard solvent;boiling range, 152-194°C; 47.7% aliphatics, 37.6% cyclic aliphatics, 14.7% aromatics
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Details on species / strain selection:
- 25 male Harlan-Wistar rats
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: Harlan-Wistar rats
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Portage, MI)
- Age at study initiation: 8-9 weeks
- Weight at study initiation (mean): 211-213 g;
- Housing: 5 per cage
- Acclimation period: 26 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 +/- 3
- Humidity (%): 50 +/- 20
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Remarks on MMAD:
- no data
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- 25 male Harlan-Wistar rats to white spirit (Stoddard solvent) vapour at levels of 0 mg/m3, 480 mg/m3 (84 ppm), 1100 mg/m3 (190 ppm) and 1900 mg/m3 (330 ppm) (boiling range, 152-194°C; 47.7% aliphatics, 37.6% cyclic aliphatics, 14.7% aromatics) for a period of 13 weeks(6 h/day, 5 days/week).
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations were determined daily, and calculations of concentration in ppm were made by using weight loss data and assuming an average molecular weight of 142 g/mol for the Stoddard solvent. Analytical concentrations were determined by drawing samples from the chambers into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 h/day, 5 days/week
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 mg/m³ air
- Dose / conc.:
- 480 mg/m³ air
- Remarks:
- 84 ppm=480 mg/m3
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 100 mg/m³ air
- Remarks:
- 190 ppm=1100 mg/m3
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 900 mg/m³ air
- Remarks:
- 330 ppm=1900 mg/m3
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 25 male Harlan-Wistar rats
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- 25 male Harlan-Wistar rats to white spirit (Stoddard solvent) vapour at levels of 0 mg/m3, 480 mg/m3 (84 ppm), 1100 mg/m3 (190 ppm) and 1900 mg/m3 (330 ppm) (boiling range, 152-194°C; 47.7% aliphatics, 37.6% cyclic aliphatics, 14.7% aromatics) for a period of 13 weeks(6 h/day, 5 days/week).
- Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes, all animals
- Time schedule: twice daily
BODY WEIGHT: Yes, all animals
- Time schedule for examinations: weighed initially and 1 x week thereafter
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY: Yes - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes - Other examinations:
- no data
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Histopathological lesions of the kidneys and dilated tubules were found in 6 out of 9 and 3 out of 9 rats exposed to 1900 and 1100 mg/m3, respectively
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Description (incidence):
- No treatment-related deaths were observed.
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No differences were found in weight gain.
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Immunological findings:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No differences were found in weight gain.
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- Histopathological lesions of the kidneys and dilated tubules were found in 6 out of 9 and 3 out of 9 rats exposed to 1900 and 1100 mg/m3, respectively.
These lesions were also noted in rats killed after only 8 weeks of exposure.
Significant, although not dose-related, changes in haematological values were thought to be mainly a consequence of the deviant values found in the control group. No differences were found in weight gain.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 1 100 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- clinical signs
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Based on histopathological lesions of the kidneys and dilated tubules found in 3 out of 9 rats exposed to 1100 mg/m3,
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 1 900 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- clinical signs
- organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Based on histopathological lesions of the kidneys and dilated tubules found in 6 out of 9 rats exposed to 1900 mg/m3,
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Based on histopathological lesions of the kidneys and dilated tubules found in 3 out of 9 rats exposed to 1100 mg/m3,
The no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) was considered to be 1100 mg/m³.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Sub-chronic exposure to male rats for of 13 weeks(6 h/day, 5 days/week) periods produced no significant finding.
The only significant finding was slight to moderate tubular regeneration in male rats which is consistent with alpha-2u-globulin induced nephropathy.
The no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) was considered to be 1100 mg/m³. - Executive summary:
Based on the results of this study, repeated inhalation exposure of male rats to Stoddard solvent at mean analytical concentrations of 1100 mg/m³ (190 ppm) and 1900 mg/m³ (330 ppm) was well-tolerated with no adverse effects .
The no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) was considered to be 1100 mg/m³.
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