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EC number: 211-536-1 | CAS number: 659-70-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015-02-02 to 2015-02-05
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All concentration levels and the control were analytically verified via GC-FID after 0 hours (start of exposure) and 72 hours (end of exposure).
- Sampling method: Separate replicates for the test item analysis at the beginning of exposure were prepared without algae. For the test item analysis after 72 hours, separate replicates were prepared with algae at the beginning of exposure and incubated under test conditions. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: For preparation of the test concentrations the density was taken into account. Appropriate volumes of the test item were pipetted directly into measuring flasks, containing the respective volume of the dilution water. After dispersion treatment the prepared test solutions were transferred to the test vessels, which were tightly closed, without headspace. The test solutions were stirred with approximately 1100 rpm for 30 minutes at room temperature.
- Controls: Six replicates (without test item) were incubated under the same conditions as the test vessels
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): no - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG),
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 d
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 35-70 µE*m^-2*s^-1 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L (dilution water)
- Test temperature:
- 22-23 °C
- pH:
- 7.90-9.34
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0 (control), 0.0632, 0.200, 0.632, 2.00, 6.32, 20.0 mg/L
measured (geometric mean, 72 h): 0 (control), 0.0549, 0.171, 0.452, 1.60, 4.62, 8.50 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterile headspace flasks (volume 119 mL) with aluminium tops with PTFE seals
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 5 x 10^3 - 10^4 cells/mL; current: 6089 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 889503 cells/mL (mean)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Ca/mg ratio: 1.5
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: 60 - 120 µE*m^-2*s^-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end was carried out. The cells were checked for unusual cell shapes, colour differences, differences in chloroplast morphology, flocculation, adherence od algae to the test containers and agglutination of algae cells
- Chlorophyll measurement: The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as a background signal. No self-fluorescence was found in the preliminary range finding test at the test item concentration of 48.0 mg/L
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1^1/10
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 0 (control), 0.48, 4.80, 48.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.62 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 4.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.47 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.62 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 3.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- The measured concentrations of the test item in the fresh media (0 h) were in the range of 70 to 84 % of the nominal values at all tested concentration levels. The measured concentrations in the old media (72 h) were in the range of 23 to 90 % of the nominal values of all concentrations. Therefore, all effect values given are based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations of the test item. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes, the reference item toxicity is in the valid range following test facility SOPs.
- ErC50: with headspace: 0.749 mg/L; without headspace: 0.774 mg/L - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of the test item on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was tested in a GLP study according to OECD 201. The determined effect levels for growth inhibition were ErC10 4.6 mg/L and ErC50 5.47 mg/L based on geometric mean measured concentrations.
Reference
Table 1: Analytical measurements
Nominal test item concentration
[mg/L] |
test item 0 h |
test item 72 h |
Geometric mean measured concentration |
||
Meas.conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
Meas.conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
[mg/L] |
|
20.0 |
15.9 |
79 (1) |
4.56 |
23 |
8.50 |
6.32 |
4.48 |
71 (1) |
4.77 |
75 |
4.62 |
2.00 |
1.65 |
82 (1) |
1.56 |
78 |
1.60 |
0.632 |
0.442 |
70 (1) |
0.463 |
73 |
4.52 |
0.200 |
0.166 |
83 |
0.175 |
87 |
0.171 |
0.0632 |
0.0530 |
84 |
0.0568 |
90 |
0.0549 |
Control |
< LOQ |
|
< LOQ |
|
|
Meas. Conc = Measured concentrations of the test item (dilution factor taken into account)
% = Percent of the nominal concentration of the test item
LOQ = Limit of Quantification (5 µg/L test item)
(1) = mean value of 3 measured concentrations, two replicates reanalyzed on 2015-02-04
Table 2: Cell densities and algae evaluation
Geometric mean measured test item concentration [mg/L] |
Cell density mean [cells/mL]
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
Growth rate mean [d^-1] |
Inhibition of growth rate mean [%] |
Yield mean [cells/mL] |
Inhibition of yield mean[%] |
8.50 |
6089 |
10187 |
7003 |
5973 |
(+) -0.01 |
100 |
(+) -116 |
100 |
4.62 |
6089 |
26802 |
116605 |
527513 |
(+) 1.49 |
10 |
(+) 521424 |
41 |
1.60 |
6089 |
33718 |
197179 |
732855 |
(-) 1.60 |
4 |
(-) 726766 |
18 |
0.452 |
6089 |
40068 |
252995 |
838762 |
(-) 1.64 |
1 |
(-) 832673 |
6 |
0.171 |
6089 |
38648 |
261439 |
862855 |
(-) 1.65 |
0 |
(-) 856766 |
3 |
0.0549 |
6089 |
36615 |
232210 |
774034 |
(-) 1.61 |
3 |
(-) 767945 |
13 |
Control |
6089 |
37537 |
299206 |
889503 |
1.66 |
|
883414 |
|
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was tested in a GLP study according to OECD 201. The determined effect levels for growth inhibition were ErC10 4.6 mg/L and ErC50 5.47 mg/L based on mean measured concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 5.47 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 4.6 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test item on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was tested in a GLP study according to OECD 201. Algae were exposed to 0 (control), 0.0632, 0.20, 0.632, 2.00, 6.32 and 20 mg/L of the test substance, equivalent to geometric mean measured concentrations of 0 (control), 0.0549, 0.171, 0.452, 1.60, 4.62 and 8.50 mg/L. Concentrations were analytically verified with GC-FID. After 72h the growth inhibition effect levels were ErC10 4.6 mg/L and ErC50 5.47 mg/L, and corresponding yield inhibition effect levels were EyC10 3.6 mg/L and EyC50 4.75 mg/L based on mean measured concentrations. The NOEC was determined at 1.6 mg/L.
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