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EC number: 201-607-5 | CAS number: 85-44-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Study type:
- direct photolysis
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A photochemical air-cooled reactor, using a medium-power mercury arc lamp for oxidation of organic matter in sea water
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Light source:
- other: 380 W mercury lamp
- % Degr.:
- 50
- Sampling time:
- 0.93 h
- Test condition:
- sea water
- Transformation products:
- not measured
- Executive summary:
- In an irradiation experiment a first order rate constant (k/hour) for photooxidation in sea water was determined to be 0.75. That is equivalent with a half-life of 0.93 hours (Armstrong, 1968).
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given
- Study type:
- direct photolysis
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: Photochemical transformations of phthalic anhydride in various aquatic media
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical method:
- other: GC, HPLC and gel permeation chromatography
- Light source:
- other: mercury lamp and sunlight
- Light spectrum: wavelength in nm:
- 365 - 366
- DT50:
- 3.9 h
- Test condition:
- distilled water
- DT50:
- 6.3 h
- Test condition:
- riverine water
- DT50:
- 9.6 h
- Test condition:
- sea water
- DT50:
- 6.8 h
- Test condition:
- artificial sea water
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Executive summary:
Experiments on photochemical transformations of phthalic anhydride in various aquatic media were conducted in a photochemical reactor and in natural sunlight (Bajt, 1992). The photochemical reactions of phthalic anhydride, which hydrolyses to phthalic acid in water, showed polymerisation to polyphenyl. Kinetic studies of photochemical transformations of phthalic anhydride in all aqueous media revealed the occurrence of first order reactions with different rate constants.
The half-lives of phthalic anhydride were 3.9 h (distilled water), 6.3 h (riverine water), 6.8 h (artificial sea water), and 9.6 h (natural sea water) under anaerobic conditions.
.
Referenceopen allclose all
First order rate constant (hours E-1) for photooxidation in sea water was 0.75. That is equivalent with a half-life of 0.93 hours.
Degradation products (CAS No./EC No./EINECS Name): polyphenyl
RS-Freetext:
Phthalic anhydride hydrolyzed to phthalic acid. Small quantities of benzoic acid were found. Polyphenyl (1,4´-bonds dominating) with a molecular weight of predominantly 2800 - 3600 g/mol was formed by decarboxylation of phthalic acid under anaerobic conditions. The half-lives of phthalic anhydride were 3.9 h (distilled water), 6.3 h (riverine water), 6.8 h (artificial sea water), and 9.6 h (natural sea water) under anaerobic conditions. It was assumed that the retardation of photodegradation of phthalic acid in sea water and river water was due to halides and humic compounds The results of the experiments on phthalic anhydride solution in distilled water in sunlight showed a very slow rate. In 15 days exposure only abot 4% of the reactant was transformed.
Description of key information
In the hydrosphere, phthalic anhydrid is transformed photochemically under anaerobic conditions showing polymerisation to polyphenyl. The half-lifes are in the range from 3.9 h to 9.6 h following first oder reactions. For photooxidation in sea water a half-life of 0.93 hours is obtained (Armstrong, 1968; Bajt, 1992).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Experiments on photochemical transformations of phthalic anhydride in various aquatic media were conducted in a photochemical reactor and in natural sunlight (Bajt, 1992). The photochemical reactions of phthalic anhydride, which hydrolyses to phthalic acid in water, showed polymerisation to polyphenyl. Kinetic studies of photochemical transformations of phthalic anhydride in all aqueous media revealed the occurrence of first order reactions with different rate constants. The half-lives of phthalic anhydride were 3.9 h (distilled water), 6.3 h (riverine water), 6.8 h (artificial sea water), and 9.6 h (natural sea water) under anaerobic conditions. In an irradiation experiment with phthalic acid, the hydrolysis product of phthalic anhydride, a first order rate constant (k/hours ) for photooxidation in sea water was determined to be 0.75. That is equivalent with a half-life of 0.93 hours (Armstrong, 1968).
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