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EC number: 700-102-1 | CAS number: 105112-76-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was carried out in compliance with EC Directive 88/302 Method C.11, "Biodegradatin - Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test". No deviations from the protocol were reported.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
- Report date:
- 2008
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3-{[4'-(3-aminophenoxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]oxy}aniline
- EC Number:
- 700-102-1
- Cas Number:
- 105112-76-3
- Molecular formula:
- C24H20N2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-{[4'-(3-aminophenoxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]oxy}aniline
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3,3-(4,4-biphenylenedioxy)dianiline
- Physical state: Off-white powder
- Analytical purity: >99 %
- Lot/batch No.: 20070501
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 30 April 2008
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
- Other: Date of receipt was 28 August 2007
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- DILUTION WATER
The dilution water used to prepare solutions of test mixtures, synthetic sewage and the reference substance was reverse osmosis (RO) water.
SYNTHETIC SEWAGE
Synthetic sewage feed for activated sludge was prepared by dissolving the following in one litre of RO water:
peptone - 16.0 g
meat extract - 11.0 g
urea - 3.0 g
sodium chloride - 0.7 g
calcium chloride dihydrate - 0.4 g
magnesium sulphate heptahydrate - 0.2 g
di-potassium hydrogen phosphate - 2.8 g
(3,5-DICHLOROPHENOL)
A concentrated solution of 3,5-DCP (500 mg/l) was prepared, for the test, by dissolving 0.5 g in 10 ml of 1N sodium hydroxide and diluting to approximately 30 ml with RO water.
Sulphuric acid (1N) was added to the point of incipient precipitation and the solution made up to a final volume of one litre with RO water. The pH of this solution was then measured.
Nominal concentrations of 3, 10 and 32 mg/l were prepared by dilution of this concentrated solution.
TEST METHODS
The results of a preliminary formulation trial showed that the test substance formed a dispersion in RO water. Therefore, at test initiation appropriate weights were established in one-litre test beakers, RO water (284 ml) was added and the mixtures then treated with ultrasound for fifteen minutes in order to form dispersions. The pH of each preparation was then determined; adjustment of the pH was unnecessary.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge, domestic
- Details on inoculum:
- A sample of activated sludge was obtained the day before the start of the test from Worlingworth Sewage Treatment Works, which treats predominantly domestic waste. In the laboratory, the samples were maintained under aerobic conditions until required. The concentration of suspended solids in a homogenised sample was determined on the day of collection and immediately before the start of the test.
On the day of collection, an aliquot (10 mL) of the activated sludge was filtered through a dried and preweighed Whatman GF/C filter paper which was then dried again at approximately 105°C for at least one hour, allowed to cool in a desiccator and reweighed.
The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) content of the activated sludge was then calculated.
Synthetic sewage (50 ml/l) was added to the stock of activated sludge and this was aerated overnight.
On the day of the test, the MLSS content of the sludge was determined (in triplicate) and adjusted to 4 g/l by the addition of tap water. The pH and temperature of the sludge was also measured.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- Initial between 19.9 and 20.2 °C; final between 19.6 and 19.9 °C
- pH:
- Initial between 7.8 and 7.9; final between 8.3 and 8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- see table
- Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Addition of synthetic sewage and microbial inoculum were made at fifteen-minute intervals as detailed in the schedule below:
The prepared mixtures were covered loosely with aluminium foil and aerated for three hours in a thermostatically-controlled water bath, using a glass aerator connected to a laboratory supply of oil-free compressed air (ca. one litre/minute). Following the exposure period, a well-mixed sample of each mixture was transferred to a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) bottle (nominal capacity, 270 ml). The rate of oxygen consumption was measured, over a period of approximately ten minutes or until the dissolved oxygen concentration fell below 2 mgO2/l, using a Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) dissolved oxygen meter, with temperature probe and self-stirring bottle probe, connected to a chart recorder. The pH and temperature of the samples were measured at the start and end of the test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP), 99.9 %
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Details on results:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations and measurement times are given in Table 1. Temperature, pH and measurements of respiration rate in the test are given in Table 2.
Measurements of the pH of the aqueous stock solution of the reference substance and of the activated sludge (4 g/l) before the start of the test are given below:
3,5-DCP stock solution: pH 7.9; activated slude: pH 8.0 (adjusted from pH 8.2)
The specific respiration rate of the control culture established at the end of the test (16.2 mgO2/g/h) was 102% of the rate of that established at the start (15.8 mgO2/g/h). These results show that the test was valid and that the sample of activated sludge employed was sensitive to inhibition.
3,3-(4,4-biphenylenedioxy)dianiline was considered to have had no biologically significant inhibitory effect on the respiration rate of activated sludge at any of the concentrations employed in the test. The respiration rate in one mixture containing the test substance at 1000 mg/l was decreased by 1%. The EC20, EC50 and EC80 of the test substance could not, therefore, be calculated but these must be greater than 1000 mg/l, the highest level tested. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Sludge respiration rates were progressively reduced in the presence of increasing concentrations of 3,5-DCP. The three-hour 50% effect concentration (EC50) for 3,5-DCP was calculated to be 11.3 mg/l (95% confidence limits, 8.4 - 15.0 mg/l).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Dissolved oxygen concentrations and measurement times
Test mixture |
Initial DO concentration in the culture (mg/L) |
Initial measure DO concentration (mg/L) |
Final measured DO concentration (mg/L) |
Measurement time (minutes) |
Control (1) |
7.6 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
8.3 |
3,3-(4,4-biphenylenedioxy)dianiline (mg/L) |
||||
10 |
7.8 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
8.0 |
100 |
8.0 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
8.1 |
1000 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
7.5 |
1000 |
8.0 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
7.5 |
1000 |
8.0 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
8.3 |
3,5-DCP (mg/L) |
||||
3 |
7.9 |
6.5 |
3.4 |
8.9 |
10 |
8.0 |
7.7 |
5.0 |
10.8 |
32 |
8.8 |
8.6 |
7.7 |
10.0 |
Control (2) |
8.2 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
8.1 |
DO: Dissolved Oxygen
Table 2: Temperature, pH and measurements of respiration rate
Test mixture |
Temperature °C |
pH |
Specific respiration rate (mgO2/g/h) |
% inhibition |
||
Initial |
Final |
Initial |
Final |
|||
Control (1) |
20.1 |
19.9 |
7.8 |
8.4 |
15.8 |
- |
3,3-(4,4-biphenylenedioxy)dianiline (mg/L) |
||||||
10 |
20.2 |
19.9 |
7.8 |
8.4 |
16.4 |
0 |
100 |
20.1 |
19.9 |
7.8 |
8.3 |
16.2 |
0 |
1000 |
20.1 |
19.9 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
17.5 |
0 |
1000 |
20.0 |
19.8 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
17.5 |
0 |
1000 |
19.9 |
19.8 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
15.8 |
1 |
3,5-DCP (mg/L) |
||||||
3 |
20.1 |
19.8 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
13.1 |
18 |
10 |
20.0 |
19.7 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
9.4 |
41 |
32 |
20.0 |
19.6 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
3.4 |
79 |
Control (2) |
20.1 |
19.8 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
16.2 |
- |
The data presented were calculated using unrounded values stored in the computer database. Minor numerical differences may be observed in the respiration rate calculation if rounded values are used to calculate the data. This minor discrepancy is not considered to be significant.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The three-hour EC50 for 3,5-DCP (11.3 mg/L) fulfilled the validity criterion relating to sensitivity to inhibition (acceptable EC50 range 5 to 30 mg/L), and that relating to the respiration rates in the control (variation not greater than 15 %) was also s
- Conclusions:
- 3,3-(4,4-biphenylenedioxy)dianiline was considered to have had no biologically significant inhibitory effect on the respiration rate of activated sludge at any of the concentrations employed in the test. The EC20, EC50 and EC80 of the test substance could not, therefore, be calculated but these must be greater than 1000 mg/l, the highest level tested.
- Executive summary:
The effect of 3,3'-[biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(oxy)]dianiline on the respiration rate of activated sludge was assessed by the methods detailed in EU Directive 88/302, Method C.11, ‘Biodegradation - Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test’ and OECD Test Guideline 209, ‘Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition test’ (Dickinson 2008).
Samples of activated sludge (suspended solids 1.6 g/L), fed with synthetic sewage, were exposed to the test substance at nominal concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L for three hours. Single mixtures were prepared at 10 and 100 mg/L, and the highest level was prepared in triplicate. Their rates of oxygen consumption were determined and compared with those of controls, containing activated sludge and synthetic sewage alone, which were established at the beginning and end of the culture series. The reference inhibitor 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) was employed at 3, 10 and 32 mg/L, as a positive control. The specific respiration rate of the control culture established at the end of the test series (16.2 mg O2/g/h) was 102% of the rate of that established at the start (15.8 mg O2/g/h). The three-hour 50% effect concentration (EC50) for 3,5-DCP was calculated to be 11.3 mg/L (95% confidence limits, 8.4-15.0 mg/L). These results show that the test was valid and that the sample of activated sludge employed was sensitive to inhibition. 3,3'-[biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(oxy)]dianiline was considered to have had no biologically significant inhibitory effect on the respiration rate of activated sludge at any of the concentrations employed in the test. The EC20, EC50 and EC80 of the test substance could not, therefore, be calculated but these must be greater than 1000 mg/L, the highest level tested.
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