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EC number: 205-443-5 | CAS number: 140-93-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Mode of degradation in actual use
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- mode of degradation in actual use
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- This report reviews available degradation data on xanthates focusing on the seasonal variation in Swedish tailing ponds in subarctic climate. The results summarise available scientific infromation applying it to realistic conditions in tailing ponds and are therefore rated as scientifically acceptable.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Water Quality Simulations for Tailings Ponds in Cold Regions
- Author:
- Faellmann et al
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Licentitate thesis 1988: O3L, Report Series A No. 167
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The degradation of xanthates were simulated using realistic conditions (monthly water temperatures and inflow rates) in tailing ponds in central Sweden. The impact of alternative technologies to xanthate concentrations in the tailings pond water and discharge was estimated by a numerical model. For xanthates, both a (conservative) constant degradation half-life of 47 days (B), and a calculated temperature-dependant half-life (C) was used. They were compared to a conservative non-degradable substance (A) with t1/2 of 100000 days. Re-generation from dixanthogen was excluded from the modelling. The simulations were not verified with measurements (as it was not known how much dixanthogen was formed and at which rate at it was degraded).
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of study / information:
- A review of available publications on (hydrolytical) degradation of xanthates. The impact of pH and temperature on degradation half-lives in pure solutions have been recalculated based on literature data, and compared to modelled data in tailings water. Abiotic and/or biotic reaction processes in tailings pond are additionally simulated based on the key parameters obtained from literature.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Proxan-sodium
- EC Number:
- 205-443-5
- EC Name:
- Proxan-sodium
- Cas Number:
- 140-93-2
- Molecular formula:
- C4H8OS2.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium O-isopropyl dithiocarbonate
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report):sodium isopropyl xanthate
Examples of alkyl xanthates used: sodium isopropyl xanthate, (potassium) isobutyl xanthate, (potassium) amyl xanthate. A single rate is proposed for all xanthates.
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
In summary, the modelled concentrations of xanthates in the tailings pond 0.14 - 0.22 mg/L for a conventional treatment method at dose of 1 g xanthate/ton ore (see Table below).
A very coarse calculation for the concentration in discharge water would end up in concentrations < 1 µg/L.
With three different treatment tehcniques, the concntrations of xanthates in the tailings pond can either increase or decrease ranging 0.05 - 0.23 mg/L. More importantly, these techniques decreased the amount of xanthates discharged 0 - 50 %.
The author referred to measured levels of Walterson (1984) in Swedish tailing ponds. Levels of 0.02 - 42 mg/L xanthates in tailing ponds and 0 - 16800 µg/L in discharge water (calculated as –OCS2equivalent xanthate weight without the carbon chain). This kind of modelling provides a good tool to study the impact of key parameters like temperature, annual precipitation of rain and snow and their seasonal variations. The possibility of a separate biological tratment was pointed our as one possibility to further reduce the xanthate discharges to the surface water.
Table. Summary of xanthate concentrations measured and simulated at the Swedish tailing ponds.
|
Measured (Walterson 1984) * |
Simulated conventional (35 % recycled water) |
Simulated reduced drainage |
Simulated thickened disposal |
Simulated thickened disposal with reduced drainage |
Dose |
11 - 162 |
1 g/tonne ore |
1 g/tonne ore |
1 g/tonne ore |
1 g/tonne ore |
Concentr. in pond (mg/L) |
0.02 – 42
|
0.14 – 0.22
|
0.15 – 0.23
|
0.05 - 0.14
|
0.06 – 0.18 |
Concentr. in discha rge water (µg/L) |
0 - 16800 |
calc. (0.07 – 0.36) |
10 – 20 % of conventional |
23 – 30 % of conventional |
0 – 50 % of convention al |
*as –OCS2equivalent xanthate weight without the carbon chain
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Measured levels of xanthates in Swedish tailing ponds have ranged 0.02 - 42 mg/L in tailing ponds and 0 - 16800 µg/L in discharge water (calculated as –OCS2 equivalent xanthate weight without the carbon chain).
The modelled concentrations of xanthates in the tailings pond were 0.14 - 0.22 mg/L for a conventional treatment method at dose of 1 g xanthate/ton ore. A rough calculation of xanthate concentrations was < 1 µg/L.. Three different treatment tehcniques either increased or decreased xanthate concentrations in the tailings water (0.05 - 0.23 mg/L). More importantly, these techniques decreased the amount of xanthates discharged to surface water 0 - 50 %. The simulation confirms that annual temperature and seasonal variations in the rain or snow deposition are extremely important parameters when considering the use of treatment technologies for reducing xanthate levels from tailings water. - Executive summary:
This report reviews available degradation data on xanthates focusing on the seasonal variation in Swedish tailing ponds in subarctic climate. Temperature, pH and the concentration of the xanthate are among the key factors determining the degradation of xanthates in tailing ponds.
Measured levels of xanthates in Swedish tailing ponds have ranged 0.02 - 42 mg/L in tailing ponds and 0 - 16800 µg/L in discharge water (calculated as –OCS2equivalent xanthate weight without the carbon chain).
The modelled concentrations of xanthates in the tailings pond were 0.14 - 0.22 mg/L for a conventional treatment method at dose of 1 g xanthate/ton ore. A rough calculation of xanthate concentrations was < 1 µg/L. Three different treatment tehcniques either increased or decreased xanthate concentrations in the tailings water (0.05 - 0.23 mg/L). More importantly, these techniques decreased the amount of xanthates discharged to surface water 0 - 50 %. The simulation confirms that annual temperature and seasonal variations in the rain or snow deposition are extremely important parameters when considering the use of treatment technologies for reducing xanthate levels from tailings water.
The results summarise available scientific infromation applying it to realistic conditions in tailing ponds in subarctic climate and are therefore rated as scientifically acceptable.
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