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EC number: 223-445-4 | CAS number: 3896-11-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 2012-08-16 to 2012-09-26
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP Study according to guideline.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- , 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The volume of the test concentration and test medium for the control in every replicate was 100 mL. Five individuals of Daphnia magna were used in each replicate (20 mL of test solution per daphnid in accordance with the OECD Guideline which requires at least 2 mL). The test concentration and control was tested in four replicates.
In order to determine the concentrations of test item in the definitive test, the preliminary (non-GLP) range finding static tests were performed.
In the definitive test the test item was used in one concentration of 100 mg/L WAF. The test concentration was prepared by weighing test item and mixing with Elendt M7 medium. The test item was visible on the surface. The test concentration was ultrasonicated for 15 min at 40 °C
temperature. The test concentration was turbid, heterogeneous and particles of the test item were visible on the surface and bottom of flask. The test contraction and the control were mixed by mechanic shaker at room temperature. After 24 h of mixing particles of the test item were visible on the surface and on the bottom. The test concentration and control were filtrated through conditioned nitrocellulose membranes (Filter type
HAWG, 0.45 Sm pores, Millipore). The filtrates were clear and homogeneous. These filtrates were Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) used for exposure. Each filtrate was poured into four replicates per 100 mL each. The glass beakers of 150 mL capacity were used.
Test vessels were covered with transparent plastic lids in order to minimize evaporation and to prevent accidental contamination. In each beaker five young Daphnia magna were exposed to the test item for 48 h. The test was of static design. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: Straus
- Source: Standard laboratory culture maintained in the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Department of Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Only organisms up to 24 h old (not first brood progeny) and in good physiological condition were used in the experiments.
- Method of breeding:Daphnia magna reproduce parthenogenetically, therefore in each beaker young daphnids were produced. The young (less than 24 h old) Daphnia magna, progeny of 21 – 25 days old parent, were used in the tests.
- Feeding during test: The daphnids were fed with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae suspension originating from the culture at the Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology. Group B vitamins and micronutrients necessary for proper growth were supplied with lyophilized Spirulin sp. suspension.
- Food type:Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Culture conditions: Daphnia magna was cultured in glass beakers of 150 mL volume (one parent per vessel) at room temperature 18 – 22°C with the light : dark ratio of 16 h : 8 h (electronic time programmer, KANLUX,Poland). The culture was maintained in Elendt M7 medium.
- Culture medium: The Elendt M7 medium recommended by OECD Guideline No 202 (2004) was used for culturing and as the diluent/solvent for the test item. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- The temperature recorded was in the range of 20.4 – 21.3°C. During the exposure the range of variation was 0.9 ºC.
- pH:
- 7.51 – 7.66
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6 – 9.9 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 100 mg/L Nominal
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beakers of 150 mL capacity were used containing 100 mL of each test concentration. Test vessels were covered with transparent plastic lids in order to minimize evaporation and to prevent accidental contamination. In each beaker five young Daphnia magna were exposed to the test item for 48 h. The test was of static design.
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed: Test vessels were covered with transparent plastic lids in order to minimize evaporation and to pre
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 4 replicates per treatment with 5 daphnids each.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h darkness, no feeding, -
- Aereation: no aeration.
- No feeding
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
In order to determine the concentrations of test item in the definitive test, the preliminary (non-GLP) range finding static tests were performed (10 mg/L and 100 mg/L).
In the definitive test the test item was used in one concentration of 100 mg/L WAF. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: None
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: None
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: None
- Details on results:
- The ECx values were determined based on nominal concentration of the test item expressed as mg/L WAF. No immobilization of daphnids was observed in test concentration and the control. Therefore, no statistical analysis was needed.
No toxicity was observed up to the solubility limit of the test item in the test medium under the test conditions. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No statistics were performed
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: public literature, limited details on experimental conditions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- - stock solutions were prepared with tetrahydrofuran (THF not in excess of 0.01% (v/v) in the final exposure solution
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia pulex
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia Pulex: collected from ShinikePond (Ehime, Japan), and single individual was isolated for clone culture.
Single-clone population was cultured at 19-21°C at pH 7-7.5.
Aged tap water was used as culture medium.
Established population was maintained for more than 3 months before the experiment. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1., 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- Toxicity testwas conducted under the same condition as for the clone culture.
photoperiod: 16h light, 8h dark
20 neonates (age<24h) were placed in 30ml glass beaker containing 25ml of the test solution for each concentration and control.
Test organisms were not fed during the testing period. 3 replicates were tested.
Observation: afer 24h, 48h - Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
With high probability acutely not harmful to aquatic invertebrates. No toxic effects in the range of water solubility.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
In the key study (Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna, 2012), an acute toxicity study (static design), young Daphnia magna individuals (< 24 h old) were exposed to the test item for 48 hours. A nominal concentration of 100 mg/L WAF of the test item was applied as a limit test. The derived NOEC is higher than or equal to 100 mg/L WAF and the EC50 is higher than 100 mg/L WAF. No toxicity was observed up to the solubility limit of the test substance in the test medium under the test conditions.
Additionally published data on acute Daphnia toxicity are available. Vehicle was used. Limited details on the experimental conditions were given. However, the EC50 48h was above the highest tested concentration of 10mg/L (nominal).
A non-GLP guideline study according to OECD 202 (Ciba Geigy 1988) was disregarded because the exposure time was only 24 instead of 48h. Moreover, the preparation of the test substances was conducted with a solubilizer.
Overall, it can be concluded that the results indicate that the substance is not acutely toxic to Daphnia magna in the range of solubility.
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