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EC number: 808-257-8 | CAS number: 749927-69-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 2016-02-02 to 2016-02-08
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
- Version / remarks:
- 28 July 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 20 July 2012
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-Bromo-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide
- EC Number:
- 808-257-8
- Cas Number:
- 749927-69-3
- Molecular formula:
- C8H7BrFNO
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-Bromo-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: M15BD0474
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2017-01-15
- Appearance: White powder with lumps
- Purity: 99.8% (w/w)
- Purity test date: 2015-09-11
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: not indicated
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Final preparation of a solid (e.g. stock crystals ground to fine powder using a mortar and pestle): none, The solid test item was applied directly on top of the skin tissue.
OTHER SPECIFICS
- Correction factor: 1
- pH (1% in water, indicative range): 5.7 – 6.0 (determined by WIL Research Europe)
In vitro test system
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Remarks:
- model of human-derived epidermal keratinocytes
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Source strain:
- other: not applicable
- Justification for test system used:
- In the interest of sound science and animal welfare, a sequential testing strategy is recommended to minimise the need of in vivo testing. One of the validated in vitro skin irritation tests is the EPISKIN test, which is recommended in international guidelines (e.g. OECD and EC).
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EPISKIN Small ModelTM (EPISKIN-SMTM, 0.38 cm²), SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France
- Tissue batch number(s): 16-EKIN-005
- This model is a three-dimensional human epidermis model, which consists of adult human-derived epidermal keratinocytes which have been seeded on a dermal substitute consisting of a collagen type I matrix coated with type IV collagen. The keratinocytes were cultured for 13 days, which results in a highly differentiated and stratified epidermis model comprising the main basal, supra basal, spinous and granular layers and a functional stratum corneum.
- On the day of receipt the tissues were transferred to 12-well plates and preincubated with prewarmed Maintenance Medium for approximately 26 hours at 37°C.
- The skin was moistened with 5 μL Milli-Q water (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA) to ensure close contact of the test item to the tissue and the solid test item was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues.
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: room temperature
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): 37°C
- All incubations, with the exception of the test item incubation of 15 minutes at room temperature, were carried out in a controlled environment, in which optimal conditions were a humid atmosphere of 80 - 100% (actual range 60 - 91%), containing 5.0 ± 0.5% CO2 in air in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C (actual range 35.4 – 37.2°C).
- Temperature and humidity were continuously monitored throughout the experiment. The CO2 percentage was monitored once on each working day. Temporary deviations from the temperature, humidity and CO2 percentage may occur due to opening and closing of the incubator door. Based on laboratory historical data these deviations are considered not to affect the study integrity.
REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
- After the exposure period of 15 ± 0.5 minutes at room temperature, the tissues were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to remove residual test item. After rinsing the cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and moved to a new well on 2 mL pre-warmed maintenance medium until all tissues were dosed and rinsed. Subsequently the skin tissues were incubated for 42 hours at 37°C.
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- After incubation, cell culture inserts were dried carefully to remove excess medium and were transferred into a 12-wells plate prefilled with 2 mL solution (0.3 mg/mL in PBS). The tissues were incubated for 3 h at 37°C. After incubation the tissues were placed on blotting paper to dry the tissues. Total biopsy was made by using a biopsy punch. Epidermis was separated from the collagen matrix and both parts were placed in prelabeled microtubes and extracted with 500 µL isopropanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Tubes were stored refrigerated and protected from light for approximately 70 hours. The amount of extracted formazan was determined spectrophotometrically at 570 nm in duplicate with the TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader.
- Test for reduction of MTT by test item: A test item may interfere with the MTT endpoint if it is coloured and/or it is able to directly reduce MTT. The cell viability measurement is affected only if the test item is present on the tissues when the MTT viability test is performed. The test item was checked for possible direct MTT reduction and colour interference in the Skin corrosion test using EpiDerm as a skin model and (project 511160).
FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATA
- Barrier function (IC50 determination, ≥ 1.5 mg/mL): 2.1 mg/mL
- Morphologgy (number of cell layers ≥4): well differentiated epidermis consisting of a basal layer, several spinous and granular layers and a thick stratum corneum
- Contamination: on blood of the same donors, the absence of HIV1 and 2 antibodies, hepatitis C antibodies, hepatitis B antigen HBs was verified; - on cells of the same donors, the absence of bacteria, fungus and mycoplasma was verified.
- Expiration date: 2016-02-08
NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TEST SEQUENCES / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION: 1
INTERPRETATION
- A test item is considered to be irritant in the skin irritation test (category 2) if: the relative mean tissue viability of three individual tissues after 15 minutes of exposure to the test item and 42 hours of post incubation is ≤ 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls.
- A test item is considered to be non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test (no category) if the relative mean tissue viability after 15 minutes of exposure to the test item and 42 hours of post incubation is > 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 11.1 to 12.0 mg
NEGATIVE CONTROL (PBS)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 25 µL
POSITIVE CONTROL (5% SDS)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 25 µL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 15 +/- 0.5 minutes
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- 42 hours
- Number of replicates:
- 3 replicates per test item together with negative and positive controls
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- Experiment 1
- Value:
- 89
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- other: Optical density
- Run / experiment:
- Experiment 1
- Value:
- 0.801
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: SD +/- 0.052; individual values: 0.779, 0.860, 0.763
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- mean tissue viability (percentage of control):
test item: 89 % ± 5.8 (87, 96, 85)
negative control: 100 % ± 3.6 (104, 96, 100)
positive control: 21 % ± 3.5 (17, 23, 22)
mean optical density:
negative control: 0.897 ± 0.032 (0.928, 0.864, 0.898)
positive control: 0.185 ± 0.031 (0.149, 0.205, 0.201)
Because solutions did not turn blue / purple and a blue / purple precipitate was not observed it was concluded that the test item did not interfere with the MTT endpoint.
Interpretation:
The viabilities of all replicates were within one category.
Results:
Since the mean relative tissue viability for the test item was above 50% the test item is considered to be non-irritant. The test system was considered to function properly.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- It is concluded that this test is valid and that the test item is non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test under the experimental conditions described in this report.
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