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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 213-361-6 | CAS number: 939-48-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- other: review article
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel, comprised of U.S. toxicologists and chemists, under the auspices of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), provides safety and risk assessment overviews of cosmetic ingredients. The conclusions of this independent body are considered thorough and valid for use in cosmetic applications.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Safety assessment of alkyl benzoates as used in cosmetics
- Author:
- Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al.
- Year:
- 2 012
- Bibliographic source:
- Int. J. Toxicol. 31:342S-72S
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This is a review article authored by the Expert Panel of the CIR, summarizing numerous studies. This summary does not follow a test guideline.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Isopropyl benzoate
- EC Number:
- 213-361-6
- EC Name:
- Isopropyl benzoate
- Cas Number:
- 939-48-0
- Molecular formula:
- C10H12O2
- IUPAC Name:
- propan-2-yl benzoate
- Reference substance name:
- 13-361-6
- IUPAC Name:
- 13-361-6
- Reference substance name:
- propan-2-yl benzoate
- IUPAC Name:
- propan-2-yl benzoate
- Test material form:
- not specified
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Test animals
- Species:
- other: various species, compliation of data
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Orally administered benzoate esters are metabolized to benzoic acid and the corresponding alcohols, and the acid is further metabolized to benzyl glucuronide and benzoyl CoA, an intermediate in the formation of hippuric acid, which is the principal metabolite excreted in the urine.
In general, esters can be hydrolyzed to the parent alcohol and acid by enzymes. Secondary and tertiary esters are hydrolyzed more slowly than primary esters. These enzymes are in essentially all tissues, including the respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract, and blood.
Data on benzyl alcohol show that it is converted into benzoic acid by simple oxidation. Orally consumed benzoic acid is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and conjugated with glycine in the liver. The resulting hippuric acid is excreted in the urine (75%-100% within 6 hours). Dermally applied benzoic acid is also excreted in the urine within 24 hours.
In general, alcohols can be metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenases to aldehydes (primary alcohols) or ketones (secondary alcohols). Aldehydes are further metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenases to the correspondingacids.
Benzoic esters are not absorbed through the skin as rapidly as alkyl esters. If alkyl benzoates are absorbed and metabolized, the alcohols resulting from ester hydrolysis can be oxidized via alcohol dehydrogenases to produce the corresponding aldehyde or ketone. As noted above, these aldehydes can be further oxidized via aldehyde dehydrogenases, aldehyde oxidases, or xanthine oxidases to the corresponding acids.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): no bioaccumulation potential based on study results
Orally administered benzoate esters are metabolised to benzoic acid and the corresponding alcohol. These are readily broken down and excreted.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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