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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 213-361-6 | CAS number: 939-48-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- This is a summary of studies reviewed by the expert group of the World Health Organization (WHO), published as CICAD 26, which accepted the data as scientifically valid. A corrigenda was published on 12 April 2005, and the content is incorporated into the version available on the InChem website.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate
- Author:
- World Health Organization
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- International Chemical Assessment Document 26: 1-48. http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad26.pdf
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: description of exposure sources
- Endpoint addressed:
- other: description of oral exposure
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- description of exposure sources
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzoic acid
- EC Number:
- 200-618-2
- EC Name:
- Benzoic acid
- Cas Number:
- 65-85-0
- IUPAC Name:
- benzoic acid
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- general population
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Route of exposure:
- oral
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Benzoic acid is produced by many plants as an intermediate in the formation of other compounds (Goodwin, 1976, Handbook of intermediary metabolism of aromatic compounds. New York, NY, Wiley & Sons, pp. B6–B9.). High concentrations are found in certain berries. Benzoic acid has also been detected in animals (see section 6.1). Benzoic acid therefore occurs naturally in many foods, including milk products (Sieber et al., 1989, Benzoesäure als natürlicher Bestandteil von Lebensmitteln- eine Übersicht. Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene, 80:345–362. Also, Sieber et al., 1990, Über das Vorkommen der Benzoesäure in Sauermilchprodukten und Käse. Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene, 84:484–493).
Anthropogenic releases of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate into the environment are primarily emissions into water and soil from their uses as preservatives
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and in animals. It is therefore a natural constituent of many foods, including milk products. Concentrations of naturally occurring benzoic acid in several foods did not exceed average values of 40 mg/kg of food. This study is informative for evaluation of the toxicity of members of the Alkyl Benzoates category, and is adequate for classification, hazard assessment and risk assessment.
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