Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy, C12-C16 (even numbered) alkyl esters

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1964

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study is non-GLP, but well described except for ommissions in experimental conditions like temperature and humidity.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Thirty young adult rats were distributed into three dosage groups of each ten rats and exposed to various dosages of test material administered by intragastric intubation.

GLP compliance:

no

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Holtzman

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Type: young adult albino rats
Housing: in mesh bottom cages and fasted 24 h prior to dosing

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Remarks:

yelow liquid

Details on oral exposure:

No further details.

Doses:

5, 10, 20 ml/kg bw.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

The rats received food and water ad libitum after dosage and were observed daily for 7 days following administration.

Statistics:

The LD50 was calculated according to the method of Miller and Tainter (Proc. Soc. Biol. Med. 57, 261, 1944)

Key result

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 20 mL/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

Dosage Animals Number of deaths daily day 14
mL/kg dosed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 % Mortality
2.5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10.0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20
20.0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
40.0 5 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 80

Clinical signs:

No details.

Body weight:

Rats were weighing between 200-300 grams, no effects recorded on body weights.

Gross pathology:

No details.

Other findings:

No details.

Interpretation of results:

practically nontoxic

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

The LD50 of Ceraphyl 31 for rats is more than 10 times higher than the maximum limit for classification of 2000 mg/kg bw .

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

discriminating dose

Value:

20 000 mg/kg bw

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Original tests performed according to an international guideline under GLP.

Justification for type of information:

Information based on safety assessment of lactate esters.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Test type:

acute toxic class method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

not specified

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

The temperature of the experimental animal room should have been 22°C ± 3° and the relative humidity 30-70 %.

Route of administration:

inhalation

Type of inhalation exposure:

nose only

Vehicle:

air

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Concentrations:

The target concentration was 5000 mg/m3 or the highest vapor concentration obtained using a compressed air nebulizer.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

not specified

Key result

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

> 5 000 mg/m³ air (analytical)

Based on:

test mat.

Exp. duration:

4 h

Mortality:

No mortality.

Clinical signs:

other: During exposure decrease in breathing rates; wet head, nares and fur; piloerection; lachrymation; hunched appearance. Postexposure: Wet fur, sniffing, and slow movement; incidentallly apnea .

Body weight:

no effects reported.

Gross pathology:

Gross necropsy revealed pale lungs in incidental cases, and rusty brown lungs in two females exposed to benzyl lactate.

Acute Inhalation Toxicity ofLactate Esters in Rats:

Lactate	4 -h LC50 (mg/m3)	Observations
Methyl	>5030	During exposure decrease in breathing rates and wet nares; Wet fur postexposure; Gross necropsy revealed 7 of 10 with grayish lungs; two lungs had irregular surfaces
Ethyl	>5400	During exposure decrease in breathing rates; piloerection; wet nares; lachrymation; Gross necropsy revealed pale lungs with spots
Butyl	>5140	During exposure decrease in breathing rates and wet head and fur; No gross necropsy changes;
Isobutyl	>6160	During exposure decrease in breathing rates; piloerection; hunched appearance; Postexposure: Apnea; No gross necropsy changes
Isoamyl	>4310	During exposure decrease in breathing rates and wet head and fur; Wet fur, sniffing, and slow movement postexposure; Gross necropsy revealed 1 of 10 with pale lungs
Benzyl	>2420	During exposure increase in breathing rates, irregular breathing patterns and wet nares and fur; Gross necropsy revealed rusty brown lungs in two females

Interpretation of results:

practically nontoxic

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

No mortality was noted in the acute inhalation toxicity tests for the lactate esters at levels of > 2000 to > 5000 mg/m3. Clinical signs indicating acute irritant response are most likely due to the acute toxicity of the acid produced by rapid hydrolysis to lactic acid and the alcohol.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

discriminating conc.

Value:

5 000 mg/m³

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Original tests performed according to an international guideline under GLP.

Justification for type of information:

Data originate from testing with smaller chain alkyl lactates.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

tests with n-propyl lactate

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

tests with n-propyl lactate

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

not specified

Sex:

not specified

Type of coverage:

not specified

Duration of exposure:

Not specified

Doses:

ethyl lactate and n-butyl lactate: 5000 mg/kg
propyl-L-lactate: 2000 mg/kg

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Not specified.

Control animals:

not specified

Sex:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 5 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

ethyl lactate

Sex:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 5 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

n-butyl lactate

Sex:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

propyl-L-lactate

Interpretation of results:

practically nontoxic

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

discriminating dose

Value:

5 000 mg/kg bw

Additional information

Supporting studies with C14 and C16 confirm the low toxicity of C12 to C16 alkyl lactates when administered by the oral route.

Justification for classification or non-classification

For each route of exposure, the LD50 of propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy, C12-C16 (even numbered) alkyl ester for rats is higher than the maximum limit for classification of 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, the substance is not classified for acute toxicity.