[7-hydroxy-8-[(4-sulpho-1-naphthyl)azo]naphthalene-1,3-disulphonato(3-)]aluminium

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water

Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test compound aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate (CAS no. 15876 -47 -8) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical  aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate (CAS No. 15876 -47 -8). If released in to the environment, 3.36% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphtha lene-1,3 -disulfonate in water is estimated to be 60 days (1440 hrs). The half-life (60 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to high whereas the half-life period of aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate in sediment is estimated to be 541.66 days (13000 hrs). Based on this half-life value, it indicates that aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydra zin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate is persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6-oxo-5-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate (CAS No. 15876 -47 -8) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 56.6% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate in soil is estimated to be 120 days (2880 hrs). Based on this half-life value of aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water

Predicted data for the target compound aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6-oxo-5-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate (CAS No. 15876-47-8) and various supporting weight of evidence studies for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In a prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017), the biodegradation potential of the test compoundaluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6-oxo-5-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate(CAS No. 15876-47-8) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated.The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical  aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from study report (Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB, Report no. 4548-53-2/01/2016/RBD, 2016) for the read across chemical Disodium 3-[(2,4-dimethyl-5-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonate (CAS no. 4548-53-2), 28-days Manometric respirometry testfollowing the OECD guideline 301F to determine the ready biodegradability of the read across item disodium 3- [(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate. The test system included control, test item and reference item. The concentration of test and reference item ( Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 30 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 10 ml/l. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % Degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The BOD28 value of disodium 3-[(2,4-dimethyl-5- sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonate, CAS No. 4548-53-2 was observed to be mgO2sup>/mg. ThOD was calculated as mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the read across item Disodium 3-[(2,4-dimethyl-5-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonate after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to manometric respirometry test was determined to be 12.807 %.Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be not readily biodegradable at 20± 1°C over a period of 28 days.

 

For the read across chemical 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt (CAS no. 2611-82-7) from peer reviewed journal (U. Pagga and O. Brown, 1986), biodegradation study was carried out for 48 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradation of the read across chemical 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt using modified OECD Guideline 302B. Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum. The sources of the activated sludge were treatment plants conveniently located to the laboratories carrying out the test. These treatment plants received communal and/or industrial wastewater. Concentration of inoculum i.e, activated sludge used was 0.5 g/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l. Analytical methods involve the measurement of extinction at absorption maximum 412 nm and DOC (dissolved organic carbon).The percentage degradation of substance 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt was determined to be 5% by DOC removal. Based on the limit values for classification of Static Test – the test chemical was classified in CATEGORY ‘D’. Thus, the substance 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another biodegradation study was conducted for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 1,3 -Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7 -hydroxy-8 -((4 -sulfo-1 -naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt (CAS no. 2611 -82 -7) (Toshihide Saito et. al, 1984). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum obtained from municipal sewage. Test substance of conc. 500 mg/l was prepared and diluted as needed. The COD measurement was performed by the potassium dichromate reflux method based on Japanese Industrial Standards. In the BOD measurement, a sample solution was taken into a container. Then JIS-BOD testing solutions, i.e. 3 ml of A solution and 1 ml of B, C, D solutions were added to the sample solution, respectively. Then 5 ml of the supernatant of the municipal sewage activated sludge was added to the sample solution and diluted to 300 ml with water. Immediately, the BOD-time curve was recorded at 20~ using an Ohkura OM-200I type coulometer. The TOC measurement was carried out by a Yanagimoto TOC-ILW.BOD5, COD, ThOD and TOC value of the test chemical 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt was determined to be 0.021, 0.65, 1.23 and 0.20 g/g, respectively. The BOD5/TOC ratio of chemical 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt was determined to be 0.11 (i.e. ranges in between 0.08-0.89), indicating that the chemical is highly resistant to aerobic biodegradation. Thus, based on this value BOD5/TOC value, it can be concluded that the chemical 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt is not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from peer reviewed journal (Yasuhide TONOGAI et. al, 1978) for read across substancetrisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate (CAS no. 915-67-3),biodegradation study was conducted under aerobic conditions for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate. Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum obtained from the municipal sewage treatment plant, Nakahama, Osaka. The return sludge was acclimated to the synthetic sewage for a week or longer, and it was used for the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition experiments. Synthetic sewage was prepared by dissolving Glucose, peptone and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30g each, in 1 liter water and the pH was adjusted to pH 7.0 with sodium hydroxide. Concentration of inoculum used for the study was3000 mg/l. Percentage degradation of chemical was determined by measuring the absorbance (test material analysis), oxygen uptake and BOD parameter. For the aerobic decomposition of dyes with sludge, 250 ml of O.03 M dye solution was added to 750ml of sludge (MLSS ca, 3,000 ppm), and bubbled with air sufficiently at 20°C. 5ml sample was taken out once a day. After sampling 5ml of synthetic sewage was added to the mixture. Each sample was filtered through filter paper and diluted twenty times prior to the spectrophotometric measurement at the absorption maximum within the visible range. The decrease of dyes concentration was expressed in terms of percent to the initial absorption whereas measurement oxygen uptake by sludge involve 2.0 ml of sludge, 0.2 ml of 1,000 ppm dye solution, and O.2 ml of 20% potassium hydroxide were pipetted into the vessel, the side arm and central well, respectively. The sludge and the dye solution were mixed and the vessel was shaken at 25"C. The oxygen uptake was measured. The oxygen uptake by sludge alone was subtracted from the dye addition. For determining the BOD values, test chemical solutions (10, 20 and 40 ppm) were prepared with the seeded dilution water and kept at 20°C. The dissolved oxygen contents were then measured by using a dissolved oxygen meter. The percentage degradation of test chemicaltrisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonatewas determined to be 20% in 10 days by using the test material analysis parameter. From the oxygen uptake by Warburg’s manometer, the low activity of the sludge to dye was obtained and by using the dissolved oxygen meter, the dissolved oxygen contents on the 5th day were essentially the same to initial ones. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate was considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6-oxo-5-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate (from EPI suite, 2017) and for its read across substance (from peer reviewed journals and study report), it can be concluded that the test substance aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6-oxo-5-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate can be expected to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate (CAS No. 15876 -47 -8). If released in to the environment, 3.36% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphtha lene-1,3 -disulfonate in water is estimated to be 60 days (1440 hrs). The half-life (60 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to high whereas the half-life period of aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate in sediment is estimated to be 541.66 days (13000 hrs). Based on this half-life value, it indicates that aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydra zin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate is persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of aluminium(3+) ion (5E)-6-oxo-5-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate (CAS No. 15876 -47 -8) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 56.6% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate in soil is estimated to be 120 days (2880 hrs). Based on this half-life value of aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

On the basis of available information, the test substance aluminium(3 +) ion (5E)-6 -oxo-5 -[2 -(4 -sulfonatonaphthalen-1 -yl)hydrazin-1 -ylidene]-5,6 -dihydronaphthalene-1,3 -disulfonate can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.