Aluminium, 2-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-indole-5-sulfonic acid complex

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Experimental result using OECD guidelines.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Biodegradation study was conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance Aluminium, 2-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-indole-5-sulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 16521-38-3).

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (IUPAC name): Aluminium, 2-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-indole-5-sulfonic acid complex- Molecular formula: C16H10AlN2O8S2- Molecular weight: 449.375 g/mol- SMILES: C1(=C2\C(c3cc(S(O)(=O)=O)ccc3N2)=O)\C(c2cc(S(O)(=O)=O)ccc2N1)=O.[Al+3]- InChI: 1S/C16H10N2O8S2.Al/c19-15-9-5-7(27(21,22)23)1-3-11(9)17-13(15)14-16(20)10-6-8(28(24,25)26)2-4-12(10)18-14;/h1-6,17-18H,(H,21,22,23)(H,24,25,26);/q;+3/b14-13+;- Physical state: Solid- Batch No.: GA/BH/14-15/10/MS- Purity: 34.20% w/w (Pure dye content)- Physical Appearance: blue colored powder- Storage Conditions: Ambient Temp (23 to 27 °C) √ (Store in a cool place. Keep containers tightly closed in a dry and well ventilated place)

Oxygen conditions:

not specified

Inoculum or test system:

other: Mixed inoculum

Details on inoculum:

Mixed Inoculum Preparation:Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule was added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 107 to 108 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism.

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

4 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS - Composition of medium: OECD mineral medium was used for the study - Test temperature: 20°C - Continuous darkness: Yes - Other: The water used in this study is deionized water. TEST SYSTEM - Culturing apparatus: The apparatus used in this study is BOD bottles; with glass stoppers (125 ml), BOD incubator & oxygen electrode and meter. CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM - Inoculum blank: it contains only test inoculum- Procedure control: contains reference compound and inoculum

Reference substance:

other: Sodium Benzoate

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (O2 consumption)

Value:

99.11

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other: Other details not known

Details on results:

The oxygen consumed by the test systems was corrected for oxygen consumption occurring in the blank test systems.The BOD Values (mgO2/mg) and percent biodegradation results for each test system are reported in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. The BOD28 value of aluminium, 2-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-indole-5-sulfonic acid complex(CAS No.16521-38-3) was observed to be 1.12 mgO2/mg. ThOD was determined by calculation as 1.13 mgO2/mg. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and was determined to be 99.11% at 20 ± 1°C. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 13.25% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.

Results with reference substance:

The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 13.25% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.

TABLE 1: D.O Values (mg/L)

No. of Days	Inoculum Blank (Control)	Test Suspension	Procedure Control (Reference Item)
0	7.3	7.2	7
7	7	5.4	5.8
14	6.8	4.5	2.4
21	6.4	2.6	1.2
28	6.2	1.6	0.7
0	7.3	7.2	7
7	7	5.4	5.8

TABLE 2: BOD Values (mg O2/mg)

 

No. of Days	Test Suspension	Procedure Control (Reference Item)
0	0	0
7	0.37	0.22
14	0.55	1.02
21	0.92	1.22
28	1.12	1.3
0	0	0
7	0.37	0.22

 

TABLE 3: PERCENT BIODEGRDATION RESULTS

No. of Days	Test Suspension	Procedure Control (Reference Item)
0	0%	0%
7	32.74%	13.25%
14	48.67%	61.44%
21	81.41%	73.49%
28	99.11%	78.31%
0	0%	0%
7	32.74%	13.25%

 

Table 4: BOD28, THOD AND % BIODEGRADATION VALUES

 

Method details	BOD28 (mgO2/mg)	ThOD (mgO2/mg)	%Biodegradation
Test Item	1.12	1.13	99.11
Reference Item	1.3	1.66	78.31

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

The test item aluminium, 2-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-5-sulfo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-indole-5-sulfonic acid complex (CAS No.16521-38-3) undergoes 99.11% biodegradation after 28 days in the test condition. Thus, the test item was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Executive summary:

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item aluminium, 2 -(1,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-5 -sulfo-2H-indol-2 -ylidene)-2,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-1H-indole-5 -sulfonic acid complex (CAS No.16521 -38 -3). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 107 to 108 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 13.25% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical aluminium, 2 -(1,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-5 -sulfo-2H-indol-2 -ylidene)-2,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-1H-indole-5 -sulfonic acid complex was observed to be 1.12 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.13 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 99.11%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Description of key information

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item aluminium, 2 -(1,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-5 -sulfo-2H-indol-2 -ylidene)-2,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-1H-indole-5 -sulfonic acid complex (CAS No.16521 -38 -3)(Experimental study report, 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 107 to 108 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 13.25% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical aluminium, 2 -(1,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-5 -sulfo-2H-indol-2 -ylidene)-2,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-1H-indole-5 -sulfonic acid complex was observed to be 1.12 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.13 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 99.11%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

readily biodegradable

Additional information

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item aluminium, 2 -(1,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-5 -sulfo-2H-indol-2 -ylidene)-2,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-1H-indole-5 -sulfonic acid complex (CAS No.16521 -38 -3)(Experimental study report, 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule were added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 107 to 108 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 13.25% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical aluminium, 2 -(1,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-5 -sulfo-2H-indol-2 -ylidene)-2,3 -dihydro-3 -oxo-1H-indole-5 -sulfonic acid complex was observed to be 1.12 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.13 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 99.11%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water: screening tests:

 

Peer reviewed articles were reviewed to determine the Biodegradation in water of the similar substance, C.I. Acid blue 74 (CAS no 860-22-0). The studies are summarized as below:

 

The decolorization studies (Ramya Mohandass, 2007) were carried out at various temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50degree celcius). Maximum decolorization was observed at 30degree celcius(100%) and 40 degree celcius(92%) at 8 h of incubation. Between 30 and 40degree celciusthe decolorization rate was higher when compared to 20 & 50degree celcius C. The percentage decolorization was found to be low at 20degree celcius(31% at the end of 12 h). The above results confirm that theorganism is mesophilic in nature. Possible reason for this kind of activity may be because the enzymes responsible for decolorization have an optimum temperature requirement around 30-40 degree celcius. Indicates the substance is readily biodegradable.

Biodegradation test of indigo carmine (Mohandass Ramya et al, 2008) in water was performed. The test was performed with concentration of 100 mg/L and in test system bacteria Paenibacillus larvae isolated from soil, the contact duration was 0,24,48 and 72 hrs. Under the test condition indigo carmine has undergone degradation. Isatin sulfonic acid and anthranilic acid were found to be degradation products.Under the test condition it is observed that Paenibacillus larvae isolated from the soil flora was found to be effective in the degradation of Indigo carmine in shorter duration. Hence, Indigo carmine was considered to be biodegradable with test substance concentration of 100 mg/L and contact duration of 0,4,48 and 72 hrs. which indicates the substance is readily biodegradable.

 

A Pseudomanonasstrain ‘GM3’ had been enriched from activated sludge (JIAN YU et a,l 2001) from a wastewater treatment facility at a textile company. ‘GM3’ was in an anoxic laboratory test determined to decolorize the azo dye Indigo carmine. More specifically, after 48 hours, under fixed laboratory conditions, a temperature of 35-40 degrees Celsius and anoxic/anaerobic conditions the GM3 degraded approximately 69% of the dye. The decolonization was measured by absorbance measurements of before and after incubation (no statistical test was included). The result of the absorbance measurement does not reflect whether chemical intermediaries had been formed or if the chemical had been completely degraded. Furthermore, there was no description of if a negative or positive control in the decolonization test. In conclusions, most azo dyes have been proven not to degrade under conventional conditions in an activated sludge treatment (Ganesh et al., 1994, Water Res 28(6), 1367-1376), but here it was indicated that pre-adapted Pseudomansspp. can degrade indigo carmine under specific anoxic laboratory conditions. By speculation, the data presented in this article may indicate that indigo carmine is inherently biodegradable under specific conditions.

 

From the same study , A Pseudomonas strain‘Z1’ had been enriched from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment facility at a textile company. ‘Z1’ was in an anoxic laboratory test determined to decolorize the azo dye Indigo carmine. More specifically, after 48 hours, under fixed laboratory conditions, a temperature of 35-40 degrees Celsius and anoxic/anaerobic conditions theZ1degraded approximately 87.9% of the dye. The decolonization was measured by absorbance measurements of before and after incubation (no statistical test was included). The result of the absorbance measurement does not reflect whether chemical intermediaries had been formed or if the chemical had been completely degraded. Furthermore, there was no description of if a negative or positive control in the decolonization test. In conclusions, most azo dyes have been proven not to degrade under conventional conditions in an activated sludge treatment (Ganesh et al., 1994, Water Res 28(6), 1367-1376), but here it was indicated that pre-adapted Pseudomansspp. can degrade indigo carmine under specific anoxic laboratory conditions. By speculation, the data presented in this article may indicate that indigo carmine is inherently biodegradable under specific conditions.

 

 

From optimal decolorization and kinetic modeling of synthetic dyes by pseudomonas strains, 2001, A Pseudomonas strain‘Q3’had been enriched from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment facility at a textile company. ‘Q3’ was in an anoxic laboratory test determined to decolorize the azo dye Indigo carmine. More specifically, after 48 hours, under fixed laboratory conditions, a temperature of 35-40 degrees Celsius and anoxic/anaerobic conditions theQ3degraded approximately 60.8 % of the dye. The decolonization was measured by absorbance measurements of before and after incubation (no statistical test was included). The result of the absorbance measurement does not reflect whether chemical intermediaries had been formed or if the chemical had been completely degraded. Furthermore, there was no description of if a negative or positive control in the decolonization test. In conclusions, most azo dyes have been proven not to degrade under conventional conditions in an activated sludge treatment (Ganesh et al., 1994, Water Res 28(6), 1367-1376), but here it was indicated that pre-adapted Pseudomansspp. can degrade indigo carmine under specific anoxic laboratory conditions. By speculation, the data presented in this article may indicate that indigo carmine is inherently biodegradable under specific conditions.

 

Based on the key study used and its relative supporting data, the test material indicates that the substance is readily biodegradable in water.