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EC number: 211-162-9 | CAS number: 631-61-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No specific test guideline was reported; however, a scientifically defensible approach was used to conduct the study.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 969
- Report date:
- 1968
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The toxicity of ammonium acetate was studied in humans after an intravenous infusion. In the first experiment, 80-160 meq of ammonium acetate (1.12 and 2.24 g of N, respectively), dissolved in 1 liter of a solution containing 5% of glucose and 5% of fructose (Invertos), were infused intravenously within 3 hours. In the second experiment, 200 meq of ammonium acetate (2.8 g of N) were infused during about 4 hours twice in two subjects, together with 8.8 and 17.6 g of L-arginine, supposed to protect against the toxic symptoms.
The plasma ammonia concentration was determined before the start of the infusion, at the end of the infusion, and thirty minutes later. The pH of arterial blood wa measured before and immediately after the infusion. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ammonium acetate
- EC Number:
- 211-162-9
- EC Name:
- Ammonium acetate
- Cas Number:
- 631-61-8
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4O2.H3N
- IUPAC Name:
- ammonium acetate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Ammonium acetate
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 9 adult humans
- Sex: 5 women and 4 men
- Other: Experiments were carried out on reliable healthy human volunteers or on not bedridden patients treated for uncomplicated and nearly healed bone fractures.
These subjects had not been on any special diet prior to the experiment, which was carried through in the morning when the subjects were in the postabsorptive state. - Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Route of exposure:
- other: intravenous
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Experiment I:
80-160 meq of ammonium acetate (1.12 and 2.24 g of N, respectively), dissolved in 1 liter of a solution containing 5% of glucose and 5% of fructose (Invertos), were infused intravenously within 3 hours.
Experiment II:
200 meq of ammonium acetate (2.8 g of N) were infused during about 4 hours twice in two subjects, together with 8.8 and 17.6 g of L-arginine, supposed to protect against the toxic symptoms. - Examinations:
- - The plasma ammonia concentration was determined before the start of the infusion, at the end of the infusion, and thirty minutes later.
- The pH of arterial blood wa measured before and immediately after the infusion.
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Experiment I:
One subject felt a little unconfortable during the infusion, with a slight feeling of nausea and tennitus and inappreciable vomiting. The symptoms disappeared immediately after the infusion was discontinued.
The slight symptoms of discomfort were practically independent of the total amount of ammonium salt infused, since they were even less frequent after the higher ammonia dose.
Experiment II:
It was observed that the susceptibility to ammonia could be considerably decreased by infusing the ammonium salts together with amino acids. When the acetate was given with 8.8 g of L-arginine, both subjects felt nauseated, but no with 17.6 g of this amino acid. - Results of examinations:
- Experiment I: Results of the two experiments in which 160 meq of ammonium acetate:
- One subject reached a blood concentration of 2.3 µg of ammonia N per milliliter, and the other a concentration of 3.1 µg/mL.
- Neither blood pH nor P(CO2) was appreciably changed.
Any other information on results incl. tables
In the first experiment, one subject felt a little unconfortable during the infusion, with a slight feeling of nausea and tennitus and inappreciable vomiting. The symptoms disappeared immediately after the infusion was discontinued. The slight symptoms of discomfort were practically independent of the total amount of ammonium salt infused, since they were even less frequent after the higher ammonia dose.
It was observed that the susceptibility to ammonia could be considerably decreased by infusing the ammonium salts together with amino acids. When the acetate was given with 8.8 g of L-arginine, both subjects felt nauseated, but no with 17.6 g of this amino acid.
In the two experiments in which 160 meq of ammonium acetate, one subject reached a blood concentration of 2.3 µg of ammonia N per milliliter, and the other a concentration of 3.1 µg/mL. Neither blood pH nor P(CO2) was appreciably changed.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In the first experiment, one subject felt a little unconfortable during the infusion, with a slight feeling of nausea and tennitus and inappreciable vomiting. The symptoms disappeared immediately after the infusion was discontinued. The slight symptoms of discomfort were practically independent of the total amount of ammonium salt infused, since they were even less frequent after the higher ammonia dose.
It was observed that the susceptibility to ammonia could be considerably decreased by infusing the ammonium salts together with amino acids. When the acetate was given with 8.8 g of L-arginine, both subjects felt nauseated, but no with 17.6 g of this amino acid.
In the two experiments in which 160 meq of ammonium acetate, one subject reached a blood concentration of 2.3 µg of ammonia N per milliliter, and the other a concentration of 3.1 µg/mL. Neither blood pH nor P(CO2) was appreciably changed. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of ammonium acetate was studied in humans after an intravenous infusion. In the first experiment, 80-160 meq of ammonium acetate (1.12 and 2.24 g of N, respectively), dissolved in 1 liter of a solution containing 5% of glucose and 5% of fructose (Invertos), were infused intravenously within 3 hours. In the second experiment, 200 meq of ammonium acetate (2.8 g of N) were infused during about 4 hours twice in two subjects, together with 8.8 and 17.6 g of L-arginine, supposed to protect against the toxic symptoms.
The plasma ammonia concentration was determined before the start of the infusion, at the end of the infusion, and thirty minutes later. The pH of arterial blood wa measured before and immediately after the infusion.
In the first experiment, one subject felt a little unconfortable during the infusion, with a slight feeling of nausea and tennitus and inappreciable vomiting. The symptoms disappeared immediately after the infusion was discontinued. The slight symptoms of discomfort were practically independent of the total amount of ammonium salt infused, since they were even less frequent after the higher ammonia dose.
It was observed that the susceptibility to ammonia could be considerably decreased by infusing the ammonium salts together with amino acids. When the acetate was given with 8.8 g of L-arginine, both subjects felt nauseated, but no with 17.6 g of this amino acid.
In the two experiments in which 160 meq of ammonium acetate, one subject reached a blood concentration of 2.3 µg of ammonia N per milliliter, and the other a concentration of 3.1 µg/mL. Neither blood pH nor P(CO2) was appreciably changed.
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