Ammonium iron(3+) hexakis(cyano-C)ferrate(4-)

Exposure related observations in humans: other data

Administrative data

Endpoint:

exposure-related observations in humans: other data

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well documented publication

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Measurement of Internal Contamination with Radioactive Caesium released from the Chernobyl Accident and Enhanced Elimination by Prussian Blue.

Author:

Tang, M., Gong, Y., Shen, C., Ye, C & Wu, D.

Year:

1988

Bibliographic source:

J. Radiol. Prot.8, 1, 25-28.

Materials and methods

Type of study / information:

A serious accident occurred in the number 4 reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station on 26th April 1986 as a result of which considerable quantities of radioactive materials were released to the environment. Fifteen members of a Chinese Foreign Exhibition Group were working at Sofia and Profdef, Bulgaria from 18th April to 23rd May 1986. During 5-10 May they occasionally found a rise in gamma- background dose rate with a FD-301 dosimeter, which indicated that it might be contaminated with radioactive material released from the Chernobyl-4 reactor. Fifteen internally contaminated Chinese subjects were monitored from 12th June to 21st June in Beijing. This paper describes the results of measurements and of the effects of Prussian blue (Ferric ferrocyanide) on the rate of elimination of radiocaesium.

Endpoint addressed:

not applicable

Principles of method if other than guideline:

This paper describes the results of measurements and of the effects of Prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide) on the rate of elimination of radiocaesium in humans.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Prussian blue

IUPAC Name:

Prussian blue

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Prussian blue

Method

Ethical approval:

not specified

Details on study design:

The gamma activities of radionuclides in the 15 subjects were measured with the low background whole body counter in the laboratory. The characteristics of this counter where as follows:

1) The spectrometric resolution for 137Cs was 8.9%.
2) The minimum detectable activity was 38- 48 Bq of 137Cs and 3 Bq 131I at the 99% confidence level.
3) The 137Cs background activity in 80 male Beijing residents (age range of 20 -49) was 58 -65 Bq.
4) The non-uniformity of response is less than 20% for constant speed scanning.
5) The long time stability of background was better than 4%.

Utilising a 9 x 4 inch NaI (T1), the measurement were performed in two ways; a single crystal measurement at the site of the thyroid, and a single, constant scanning speed detector moving along the length of the body. The counts were obtained by subtracting the counts in non-contaminated cases from the counts obtained from contaminated cases. The activities of radionuclides in the body were calculated by a matrix inversion method using calibration factors. The biological half-life of radiocaesium in the body was observed in three volunteers.

Prussian blue (PB) was given to the three volunteers to investigate the effect on caesium excretion. One gram of Prussian blue was given three times per day, for a six day course. Three courses were given with a time interval of 6 days between each subsequent course. During the investigation period of 114 -141 days after contamination, the biological half-life of radiocaesium was observed and compared with that of control period.

Exposure assessment:

measured

Results and discussion

Results:

From the biological half-life it can be seen that the body retention of radiocaesium declined more rapidly following Prussian blue administration than in those of controls. It is evident that shortening of biological half-life results in a more pronounced decrease of cumulative activity of radiocaesium in the body. The percentage excess of cumulative activity during the period of 114- 141 days after internal contamination was calculated by using each subject's own biological half-life by means of the following equation:
Excess decrease of cumulative activity (%)
= A -B/ A x 100
where A is the cumulative activity without treatment and B is the cumulative activity with treatment.
The results in table 3 indicates that the cumulative activities decrease significantly (p<0.05), showing that Prussian blue treatment can enhance the excretion of radiocaesium.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1. Internal contamination of 15 Chinese subjects, resident in Bulgaria at the time of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident.

Subject	Date of Measurement	Activity in body (Bq^+)		Intake estimated (Bq)
		137Cs	134Cs	137Cs	134Cs
ZN	12 June 1986	700	360	950	500
FU	19	470	370	660	550
GO	17	600	340	850	500
MU	18	470	380	660	560
CE	20	440	300	640	450
HO	21	430	330	620	490
CN	19	340	300	490	440
YU	18	390	300	550	430
TN	20	840	630	1200	930
HU	18	280	170	390	260
EI	19	350	240	500	350
SO	19	440	250	620	270
WE	19	320	210	460	300
JA	18	370	260	530	380
LI	17	68	110	95	170

+ The relative errors of all the, measured values, except LI, are in the range of 5-12%, while for LI the figures are 30% for 137Cs and 31% for 134Cs.

 

  

Table 2. Biological half-life of 137Cs and 134Cs in man and the effect of oral administration of Prussian blue (PB).

 

Subject	Biological half-life^+(days)
	137Cs		134Cs
	Control	PB Administration	Control	PB Administration
YN	71	43	46	23
ZN	54	48	42	33
MU	60	29	51	^++

⁺The relative errors of biological half-life were in the range of 16-30%

⁺⁺134Cs activity in the body was near to the minimum detectable level.

 

Table 3. Diminution of radiocaesium body burden in man by Prussian Blue (PB).

 

Subject	Radiocaesium	Cumulative activity		Activity decreased (%)
		No PB	PB Administration
YN	134Cs	4400	3600	18
	137Cs	9900	9100	8
ZN	134Cs	2100	2000	5
	137Cs	5700	5600	2
MU	137Cs	4200	3500	17

 

Table 4. Effect of Prussia Blue on the enhancement of the elimination of radiocaesium in man.

 

Start of admin. Of PB (days after contam.)	Cases	Admin. Program	Biological half-life (day)		Reference
			Control	PB Admin
114	1	1.0 g x 3/d for 6d	71	43	Present study (1988)
	1	3 courses	54	48
	1		60	29
67	1	1.0 g x 3/d for 5 d. 2 courses	110	70	Ye Gen-yao et al (1981)
35	1	1.0 g x 3/d for 100 d	124	38	Ma Ru-Wei et al.
35	1	1.0 g x 3/d for 75 d	54	39
35	1	1.0 g x 3/d for 82 d	61	25
35	1	1.0 g x 3/d for 100 d	36	17
35	1	1.0 g x 3/d for 100 d	36	16
12	1	0.2 g x 10/d for 5 d. 2 courses	140	50	C R Richmond (1967)
300	1	1.0 g x 3/d	115	40	K Madhaus (1966)
300	1	1.0 g x 3/d	110	40