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EC number: 231-157-5 | CAS number: 7440-47-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Development of a pharmacokinetic model for chromium in the rat following subchronic exposure
- Author:
- Thomann R.V, Snyder C.A, Squibb K.S
- Year:
- 1 994
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 128, 189-198
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Rats were exposed to 100 ppm of the test substance in drinking water for up to 6 weeks, followed by a depuration period of of 12 or 20 weeks. After sacrifice, Cr accumulation into tissues was analysed.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Potassium chromate
- EC Number:
- 232-140-5
- EC Name:
- Potassium chromate
- IUPAC Name:
- Potassium chromate
- Details on test material:
- Potassium chromate from Baker Chemical Co, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA
No other data .
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Male Fischer-344 rats obtained from the Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Kingston, NY, USA)
- Age at study initiation: 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: ca 200 g
- Fasting period before study: no data
- Housing: housed in pairs in wire mesh cages
- Individual metabolism cages: no
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): yes, Purina Lab Chow
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): yes
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): no data
- Humidity (%): no data
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): no data
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 6 hrs to 20 weeks
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): water
- Concentration in vehicle: 100 ppm
HOMOGENEITY AND STABILITY OF TEST MATERIAL:
The drinking water solutions were changed weekly. Montoring the chromate concentrations in water samples indicated that the total Cr concentrations did not change and Cr(VI) was not significantly reduced to Cr(III) during this time period. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Cr was given in drinking water during a period of 6 weeks. In addition to the groups treated for 6 weeks, groups of three rats each were euthanised after 1, and 3 weeks of exposure.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100 ppm Cr (as potassium chromate) in drinking water (ad libitum) (corresponding to approximately 16 ml * 100 µg/ml = 1600 µg/day
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- Experiment 1: 57 males (100 ppm) and 12 controls.
Experiment 2: 62 males (100 ppm) - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control reference chemical:
- No
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: no data
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): no data - Details on dosing and sampling:
- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (Absorption, distribution, excretion)
- Tissues and body fluids sampled : blood, liver, kidney, spleen (both in experiment 1 and 2); bone (right femur), bone marrow, total remaining carcass
- Time and frequency of sampling: tissues collected at sacrifice and frozen for Cr analysis
- Other:
- Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- A three-compartment model was devised, assuming that diffusion limited Cr uptake. Compartment 1 was blood, from which plasma exchanged Cr with compartment 2 (storage in bone and carcass) as well as with compartment 3 (liver, kidney, spleen) from whicg Cr was lost by excretion.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- After the 12 week period, the total Cr concentrations were greatest in the kidney, followed by the spleen, liver and blood.
In experiment 2 it was seen that at the end of the 20 week period the main part (about 87%) of the body burden was in the carcass and bone.
- Details on excretion:
- Elimination from the liver was biphasic, whereas it was monophasic in the spleen, kidney and bone.
The elimination of Cr from the bones and carcass was vey slow (half-time >100 days). The half-time for elimination from whole body was about 80 days, and from liver, kidney and spleen about 10 days.
Toxicokinetic parametersopen allclose all
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 1st: from liver, kidney and spleen 10 days
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 2nd: from whole body 80 days
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 3rd: from bone and carcass >10 days
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Using a pharmacokinetic model slow overall kinetis of Cr depuration from the tissues were identified. The main part of orally dosed Cr binds to bone (half-life >100 days). Cr may thus be sequestered and released by the storage compartment over an extended time period.
- Executive summary:
Rats were exposed to 100 ppm of the test substance in drinking water for up to 6 weeks, followed by a depuration period of of 12 or 20 weeks. After sacrifice, Cr accumulation into tissues was analysed.
Using a pharmacokinetic model slow overall kinetis of Cr depuration from the tissues were identified. The main part of orally dosed Cr binds to bone (half-life >100 days). Cr may thus be sequestered and released by the storage compartment over an extended time period.
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