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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-423-8 | CAS number: 95-48-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Second experiments were carried out in nurtient solutions
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- analytical monitoring at test start and end of exposure and before renewal of test solution
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- test substance was dissolved in water
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Test type:
- early seedling growth toxicity test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- other: soilo and solution (and perlite as an unreactive substrate)
- Limit test:
- no
- Remarks:
- 14 d in soil, 21 in nutrient solution
- Test temperature:
- 21 +/- 4 °C
- pH:
- 7.5
- Moisture:
- Soil experiment: 25 to 30 % moisture content (80% of the water-holding capacity)
- Details on test conditions:
- 16:8 h light:dark 6500 lx fluorescent tubes
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- analytical monitoring at start and end of test
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC50 soil
- Effect conc.:
- 67 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: 52-86
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC50 soil
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Species:
- Lactuca sativa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC50 nutrient solution
- Effect conc.:
- 23 other: mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.I.: (16-31)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of o-cresol to lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) was determined according to OECD Guideline 208 in soil. The EC50 was 67 mg/kg soil d.w. after 7 d, >100 mg/kg soil d.w. after 14 d. The highest effect concentration (EC50 >100 mg/kg) was normalised to an OC content of 3.4% according to TGD (EU 2003), resulting in a corrected EC50 of >242 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The short-term toxicity of o-cresol to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was examined by Hulzebos (1993). The test compound was incorporated into soil according to OECD-guideline 208. The organic matter of 2 soil types used was given as 1.4 to 1.8 %. Lettuce seed was sown and the weight of the crops (above-ground biomass) was measured after 7 and 14 days. After an exposure period of 14 days, a nominal EC50 of >100 mg/kg soil (dry weight) was obtained. According to TGD (EU 2003), the effect concentration (EC50 >100 mg/kg) is corrected for a standard soil with a content of organic matter of 3.4 % resulting in a corrected EC50 of >242 mg/kg. The authors stated that “at the end of the test, the concentrations of most phenols in soil had dropped to a low value (<20% of the initial analysed concentrations)”.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- other: expert judgement on long-term toxicity
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: expert judgement on long-term toxicity
- Justification for type of information:
- A long-term toxicity test on plants is not relevant according to column 2 of Annex X of Regulation EC 1907/2006, as the risk assessment does not indicate the need to investigate further the effects of the substance on terrestrial organisms (please refer to the Chemical Safety Report). The risk to soil organisms exposed to the substance is acceptable based on the PNECsoil calculated using the Equilibrium Partitioning Method and does not need to be refined using long-term tests.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- not applicable; expert judgement on long-term toxicity
- Executive summary:
A long-term toxicity test on plants is not relevant according to column 2 of Annex X of Regulation EC 1907/2006, as the risk assessment does not indicate the need to investigate further the effects of the substance on terrestrial organisms (please refer to the Chemical Safety Report). The risk to soil organisms exposed to the substance is acceptable based on the PNECsoil calculated using the Equilibrium Partitioning Method and does not need to be refined using long-term tests.
Referenceopen allclose all
For most of the examined phenols (including o-cresol) applied concentrations dropped but remained larger than 50 % of the nominal values.
A long-term toxicity test on plants is not relevant according to column 2 of Annex X of Regulation EC 1907/2006, as the risk assessment does not indicate the need to investigate further the effects of the substance on terrestrial organisms (please refer to the Chemical Safety Report). The risk to soil organisms exposed to the substance is acceptable based on the PNECsoil calculated using the Equilibrium Partitioning Method and does not need to be refined using long-term tests.
Description of key information
The toxicity of o-cresol to lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) was determined according to OECD Guideline 208 in soil. The EC50 was >100 mg/kg soil d.w. after 14 d. The effect concentration was normalised to an OC content of 3.4% , resulting in a corrected EC50 of >242 mg/kg.
However, in case of only one test result is available, the risk assessment should be performed both on this test result and on the basis of the outcome of the aquatic toxicity data. Therefore the equilibrium partitioning method with the PNEC for aquatic organisms is also taken into account for assessment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 242 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Several studies of toxicity of o-cresol towards terrestrial plants were found in the literature.
The scope of the terrestrial effects assessment under the adopted REACH regulation is restricted to soil organisms in a narrow sense and does not actually include adverse effects on soil functions that are only indirectly linked to the biota in soils.
Some tests were designed assessing the influence of o-cresol on germination and growth on moist filter paper or agar treated with the substance. As no soil was used in the tests standardisation of soil effect data to given soil parameters is not possible. Further, converting the results to an appropriate dimension is not applicable. Therefore the results should not be used for the hazard assessment.
Using soil, short-term toxicity of o-cresol to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was examined. The test compound was incorporated into soil according to OECD-guideline 208. The organic matter of 2 soil types used was given as 1.4 to 1.8 %. Lettuce seed was sown and the weight of the crops (above-ground biomass) was measured after 7 and 14 days. After an exposure period of 14 days, a nominal EC50 of >100 mg/kg soil (dry weight) was obtained. According to TGD (EU 2003), the effect concentration (EC50 >100 mg/kg) is corrected for a standard soil with a content of organic matter of 3.4 % resulting in a corrected EC50 of >242 mg/kg. The authors stated that “at the end of the test, the concentrations of most phenols in soil had dropped to a low value (< 20% of the initial analysed concentrations)".
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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