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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-677-2 | CAS number: 109-52-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Several GLP and non-GLP studies according to or similar to OECD guidelines 401, 402 and 403 are available for pure valeric acid and a mixture of valeric acid and 2-methylbutyric acid.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 4 000 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
Additional information
Oral: 5 studies of acceptable quality are available, 3 studies conducted with pure valeric acid and 2 studies conducted with a mixture of isomers containing 64% valeric acid and 36% 2 -methylbutyric acid. All studies using oil as vehicle (corn oil or olive oil) reported LD50 values clearly greater than 4000 mg/kg bw while the studies using water as vehicle or administering undiluted valeric acid reported LD50s in the range of 1000 -2000 mg/kg bw. This indicates a pH-related effect due to the corrosivity of the substance.
Dermal: a GLP-guideline study (reliable without restrictions) conducted with pure valeric acid in rats reports an LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg bw. In addition, 3 studies of acceptable quality were conducted with a mixture of isomers containing 64% valeric acid and 36% 2 -methylbutyric acid in rabbits. The resulting LD50 were 1000 mg/kw bw, 0.31 and 0.7 ml/kg bw. The first study conducted in rats is considered to be the most appropriate study as it is the only study that has been conducted with pure valeric acid. Further, rabbits often tend to be very sensitive to acids showing acidosis leading to anaphylactic shock and the classification criteria are referring to rat data.
Therefore, the value from the rat study is considered the most relevant and reliable value.
Inhalation: 4 studies of acceptable quality are available and in all 4 studies no mortality was observed after acute exposure (up to 8h) to saturated vapor of pure valeric acid or a mixture of isomers containing 64% valeric acid and 36% 2 -methylbutyric acid.
Justification for classification or non-classification
According to the annex VI of the council directive 67/548 EEC (amended by directive 83/467 EEC) valeric acid does not need to be classified as acutely toxic via any route of exposure as the oral and dermal LD50 values are greater than 2000 mg/kg bw and no mortality was observed after acute inhalation at saturated vapor concentrations.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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