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EC number: 204-984-4 | CAS number: 130-26-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The substance clioquinol was found to be irritaing in skin and eye category.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: migrated from IUCLID 5.6
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Estimated data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 2.3.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Basis:
- mean
- Score:
- 2.95
- Reversibility:
- no data
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mild irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- moderately irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- By primary dermal irritation index (PDII) from QSAR, skin irritation score of clioquinol estimated as 2.95.Based upon this score it is indicated that clioquinol is mildly irritating to the skin of rabbit which is not adequate for classification as a skin irritant. Therefore, it can be concluded that clioquinol is irritating to the skin of rabbit.
- Executive summary:
By primary dermal irritation index (PDII) from QSAR, skin irritation score of clioquinol estimated as 2.95.Based upon this score it is indicated that clioquinol is mildly irritating to the skin of rabbit which is not adequate for classification as a skin irritant. Therefore, it can be concluded that clioquinol is irritating to the skin of rabbit.
Reference
The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: "Primary Irritation Index"
Estimation method: Taking average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
((((((((("a" and ("b" and ( not "c") ) ) and ("d" and ( not "e") ) ) and ("f" and ( not "g") ) ) and "h" ) and ("i" and ( not "j") ) ) and ("k" and ( not "l") ) ) and "m" ) and ("n" and ( not "o") ) ) and ("p" and "q" ) )
Domain logical expression index: "a"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Phenols (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories
Domain logical expression index: "b"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS
Domain logical expression index: "c"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as MA: Nitrenium ion formation OR MA: Nitrosonium ion formation OR MA: Radical mechanism by ROS formation OR Mechanistic Domain: Radical OR Mechanistic Domain: SN1 OR Nitro compounds by DNA binding by OASIS
Domain logical expression index: "d"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OECD
Domain logical expression index: "e"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkyl phenols OR Allyl benzenes OR Arenes OR Hydroquinones OR MA: Carbenium Ion Formation OR MA: P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Mechanistic Domain: Michael addition OR Mechanistic Domain: SN1 by DNA binding by OECD
Domain logical expression index: "f"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OECD
Domain logical expression index: "g"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as MA: Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers OR Mechanistic Domain: Schiff Base Formers OR Mono-carbonyls by Protein binding by OECD
Domain logical expression index: "h"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Phenols and Anilines by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS
Domain logical expression index: "i"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR
Domain logical expression index: "j"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters OR Phenols, Poly by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR
Domain logical expression index: "k"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 17 - Halogens Cl AND Group 17 - Halogens F,Cl,Br,I,At AND Group 17 - Halogens I by Chemical elements
Domain logical expression index: "l"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 17 - Halogens Br by Chemical elements
Domain logical expression index: "m"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule Oasis
Domain logical expression index: "n"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aryl halide AND Heterocyclic fragment AND Phenol AND Pyridine(substituted) by Organic functional groups (nested)
Domain logical expression index: "o"
Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Arene OR Cycloalkane OR Cycloalkene by Organic functional groups (nested)
Domain logical expression index: "p"
Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 3.42
Domain logical expression index: "q"
Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 3.97
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- human
- Strain:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- no data
- Observation period (in vivo):
- no data
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks on result:
- other: irritant
- Other effects:
- An investigating committee reported in 1974 knowledge of more than a dozen children with optic neuropathy from clioquinol. Less than half had
symptoms of peripheral neuropathy - Interpretation of results:
- irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The clioquinol irritating to the human eyes .it is found that more than a dozen children with optic neuropathy from clioquinol
- Executive summary:
The clioquinol irritating to the human eyes .it is found that more than a dozen children with optic neuropathy from clioquinol
Reference
Some of the earliest suspicions of toxicity affecting vision were in relation to children who were being treated for acrodermatitis enteropathica for long periods with large doses when their vision was found to be much impaired, and optic atrophy was diagnosed.
Some children had difficulty in walking as well as poor vision. An investigating committee reported in 1974 knowledge of more than a dozen children with optic neuropathy from clioquinol. Less than half had symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation / corrosion
By primary dermal irritation index (PDII) from QSAR, skin irritation score of clioquinol estimated as 2.95.Based upon this score it is indicated that clioquinol is mildly irritating to the skin of rabbit . also the supportong study indicates that clioquinol cause mild irritation to skin. Therefore, it can be concluded that clioquinol is mild irritating to the skin of rabbit & human..
Eye irritation
The clioquinol was found to be irritating to human eye ,it can cause optic neuropathy in human.An investigating committee reported shows that more than a dozen children with optic neuropathy from clioquinol. Less than half subjects had symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.thus from above discussion we can conclude that the test substance cause eye irritation.
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
By primary dermal irritation index (PDII) from QSAR, skin irritation score of clioquinol estimated as 2.95.Based upon this score it is indicated that clioquinol is mildly irritating to the skin of rabbit . also the supporting study indicates that the test substance can cause irritation to human skin.Therefore, it can be concluded that clioquinol is irritating to the skin of rabbit & human.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
The clioquinol was found to be irritating to human eye ,it can cause optic neuropathy in human.
Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: moderately irritating
Effects on eye irritation: moderately irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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