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EC number: 233-662-6 | CAS number: 10294-54-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.82 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: CHA REACH Guidance and ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 15
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 12.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on the repeated exposure by inhalation. A conservative approach is used assuming a 50 % absorption rate via the oral route (end route) as compared to the inhalation route (starting route).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subchronic (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the factors used for route to route extrapolation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor according to ECHA guidance document.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Intraspecies differences of workers are considered to be fully covered by the selected factor according to ECETOC Technical Report No. 110.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.32 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: ECHA REACH Guidance and ECETOC Technical Report No. 110
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 139.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure by dermal absorption. Based on the physiochemical properties it is assumed that the test item's absorption corresponds to 10 % of the oral uptake.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subchronic (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor according to ECHA guidance document.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- An intraspecies difference factor of 3 for workers is considered to be sufficient (ECETOC Technical Report No. 110).
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further aassessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General
No respective experimental data for cesium sulphate are availabe. Consequently, read-across was applied using study results from cesium hydroxide monohydrate and cesium chloride. The DNEL derivation is based on the calculated NOAEL for cesium sulphate.
DNEL derivation is performed under consideration of the recommendations of ECHA REACH Guidance (2010) and ECETOC (2010). In view of the data used for evaluation, the "quality of whole database factors" and "dose-response factors" are considered to be a value of 1.
Long term exposure- systemic effect
Inhalation exposure
A subchronic repeated dose toxicity test with cesium sulphate is not available. Consequently, read-across was applied using study results from cesium chloride.
In order to derive the worker DNEL (long-term inhalation exposure), the results of the 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study with the structural analogue cesium chloride were used (NOAEL 13 mg/kg bw/day). The DNEL derivation is based on the calculated NOAEL for cesium sulphate of 13.93 mg/kg bw/day.
Correction of the dose descriptor:
Oral NOAEL: 13.93 mg/kg bw/day
sRV(rat): 0.38 m3/ kg bw (8 hours) [standard respiratory volume of the rat]
ABS oral (rat)/ ABS inhalation (human): 0.5 [ratio of oral absorption in the rat to inhalative absorption in the human] sRV (human)/ wRV (human): 6.7 m3/ 10 m3= 0.67 m3 [ratio of human standard respiratory volume to worker respiratory volume]
The oral NOAEL= 26.94 mg/kg bw/ day is converted in an inhalation NOAEC= 23.75 mg/ m3.
Calculation of the worker DNEL:
Corrected inhalatory NOAEC for worker: 12.3 mg/ m3
Assessment factor for exposure duration (subchronic to chronic): 2
Assessment factor for intraspecies differences (worker): 3
Assessment factor for other interspecies differences: 2.5
Worker DNEL (inhalation exposure) = 12.3 mg/m3/ (1 x 2 x 1 x 3 x 2.5 x 1 x 1) = 22.10 / 15 = 0.82 mg/ m3
Dermal exposure
A subchronic repeated dose toxicity test with cesium sulphate is not available. Consequently, read-across was applied using study results from cesium chloride. In order to derive the worker DNEL (long-term dermal exposure), the results of the 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study with the structural analogoue cesium chloride were used (NOAEL 13 mg/kg bw/day). The DNEL derivation is based on the calculated NOAEL for cesium sulphate of 13.93 mg/kg bw/day.
Considering the appropriate assessment factors, the worker DNEL (long-term dermal exposure) is calculated as follows:
Correction of the dose descriptor:
Dose descriptor of relevant study: 139.3 mg/kg bw/day (NOAEL x 10; assuming 10 % dermal absorption)
Assessment factor for exposure duration (subchronic to chronic): 2
Allometric scaling factor (rat to human): 4
Assessment factor for other interspecies differences: 2.5
Assessment factor for intraspecies differences (worker): 3
Taking the above mentioned assessment factors into account, the following worker DNEL is:
Worker DNEL (dermal exposure) = 139.3 mg/kg bw/day / (1 x 2 x 4 x 2.5 x 3 x 1 x 1) = 139.3 / 60 = 2.32 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/ short term exposure- systemic effect
Inhalation
There is no indication for acute systemic toxicity of cesium sulphate. The substance is not classified for inhalation toxicity. Also no peak exposure is expected and particle size excludes inhalative exposure. Therefore no DNEL is required.
Dermal
An acute dermal toxicity study with cesium sulphate is not available Consequently, read-across was applied using study results from cesium nitrate. The LD50 value of > 2000 mg/kg bw was obtained for cesium nitrate. The calculated LD50 value is > 2155 mg/kg bw for cesium sulphate.
Thus cesium sulphate is not classified and labelled for acute systemic toxicity, according to Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD) and Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). Therefore no DNEL was derived.
Acute and long term exposure- local effect
Respiratory irritation
The particle size of cesium sulphate excludes inhalative exposure. Moreover, there is no indication for any adverse local effects as the substance is neither classified for inhalation toxicity nor for irritation/corrosion according to Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD) and Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). Therefore no DNEL is required.
Skin irritation
The test item is not classified for skin irritation/corrosion according to Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD) and Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP). A skin sensitisation study for cesium sulphate is not available. Consequently, read-across was applied using study results from cesium nitrate and evidences from experimental studies on cesium hydroxide and cesium iodide (all studies obtained no potential for skin sensitisation). Thus, cesium sulphate is not classified for skin sensitisation according to Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD) and Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).
Therefore no DNEL was derived.
Eye irritation
The test item is not classified for eye irritation according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) and Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD).
References
- ECHA (2010). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2. ECHA-2010 -G-19–N.
- ECETOC (2010). Technical Report 110.Guidance on assessment factors to derive a DNEL. according to Annex VI of Regulation EC 1272/2008 (CLP).
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
General population is not intended to be exposed to cesium sulphate via inhalation, dermal or oral route. Therefore, no DNEL (long-term, inhalation, dermal, oral exposure) is derived for general population.
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