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EC number: 405-520-5 | CAS number: 95235-30-6 D-8; DD-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 1990-04-18 to 1990-07-02
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Modified Sturm Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- testing time was 39 days instead of 28 days
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Modified Sturm Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- testing time was 39 days instead of 28 days
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Source of the test inoculum was activated sludge of a small municipal sewage treatment plant, mainly fed with domestic sewage.
Pre-treatment of inoculum:
The activated sludge was aerated for 4 hours. 500 mL was sampled and homogenized for 2 minutes and then settled for 30 minutes. The supernatant was adjusted to an extinction value (436 nm) of 0.2. This density represents a CFU (Colony Forming Units) of about 10E6 microorganisms per millilitre. 30 mL of this suspension were used as inoculum for each CO2 flask. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 39 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 20 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- The test material was added to a chemically defined liquid medium, inoculated with sewage microorganisms and aerated with CO2-free air at 20 - 25 °C in a temperature controlled room. The temperature was controlled during the test period.
The released CO2 was trapped as BaCO3, and the degradation was followed by CO2 analysis over a period of 39 days. After reference to suitable blank control(s), the total amount of CO2 produced by the test compound was determined for the test period and calculated as a percentage of the CO2 that the test material, based on its carbon content, could have theoretically produced.
The procedure was checked by means of a reference substance. - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Remarks:
- concentrations: 10 mg/L; 20 mg/L
- Test performance:
- As the degradation was not finished at day 28 the test period was prolonged for further 11 days.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- ca. 60
- Sampling time:
- 39 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at test item concentration 10 mg/L
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- ca. 31
- Sampling time:
- 39 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at test item concentration 20 mg/L
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- ca. 45
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at test item concentration 10 mg/L
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- ca. 31
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: at test item concentration 20 mg/L
- Details on results:
- A typical exponential phase of degradation was not obtained. Until day 20 a slow degradation at both concentrations was observed. Thereafter, a diauxic behaviour was obtained for the concentration 10 mg/L, whereas at the concentration of 20 mg/L the degradation stopped. Finally, degradation rates of 60 % (10 mg/L) and 31 % (20 mg/L) were obtained.
- Results with reference substance:
- Typical degradation curves were obtained at both concentrations. Finally, degradation rates of 100 % (10 mg/L) and 94 % (20 mg/L) were obtained.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria
- Conclusions:
- In the test, D-8 reached 60 % biodegradation at the end of the 39-days exposure. During the guideline 28-days exposure period, D-8 reached 31 to 45 % biodegradation, therefore, the test item is considered to be inherently biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
D-8 was tested of aerobic degradability in a static activated sludge test (CO2 evolution test) according to EU Test guideline C.4-C and OECD 301B. The biodegradation was followed by determination of the evolved CO2. Sludge from a domestic sewage treatment plant was exposed to the test item for 39 days at two concentration levels – 10 and 20 mg/L. The validity of the test was shown by degradation of a reference substance (aniline) tested at 10 and 20 mg/L. The reference item degradation rates were 100 % at 10 mg/L and 94 % at 20 mg/L, respectively. A typical exponential phase of degradation of the test item was not obtained. Until day 20 a slow degradation at both concentrations was observed. Thereafter, a diauxic behaviour was obtained for the concentration 10 mg/L, whereas at the concentration of 20 mg/L the degradation stopped. D-8 showed degradation rates after 39 days of 60 % at a concentration of 10 mg/L and 31 % at 20 mg/L. Based on the results obtained, D-8 was regarded as inherently biodegradable.
Reference
Table 1: CO2 -production and % degradation of the test item at 10 and 20 mg/L
Day |
Test Substance – 10 mg/L |
Day |
Test Substance – 20 mg/L |
||||
CO2 tit. |
Sum CO2 |
% Degrad. |
CO2 tit. |
Sum CO2 |
% Degrad. |
||
1 |
0.48 |
0.48 |
0.70 |
1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2 |
0.74 |
1.22 |
1.79 |
2 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
0.08 |
3 |
0.69 |
1.90 |
2.81 |
3 |
0.26 |
0.37 |
0.27 |
4 |
1.06 |
2.96 |
4.37 |
4 |
1.69 |
2.06 |
1.52 |
5 |
0.57 |
3.53 |
5.21 |
5 |
1.61 |
3.67 |
2.71 |
6 |
1.04 |
4.57 |
6.74 |
6 |
1.87 |
5.53 |
4.08 |
7 |
1.54 |
6.11 |
9.01 |
7 |
2.43 |
7.96 |
5.87 |
8 |
1.43 |
7.54 |
11.13 |
8 |
1.76 |
9.72 |
7.17 |
9 |
1.00 |
8.54 |
12.59 |
9 |
2.25 |
11.98 |
8.83 |
10 |
2.46 |
11.00 |
16.23 |
10 |
3.30 |
15.28 |
11.27 |
11 |
1.10 |
12.10 |
17.85 |
11 |
2.77 |
18.05 |
13.31 |
13 |
1.68 |
13.78 |
20.32 |
13 |
3.56 |
21.61 |
15.94 |
15 |
0.05 |
13.83 |
20.40 |
15 |
1.72 |
23.33 |
17.21 |
18 |
2.19 |
16.02 |
23.63 |
18 |
4.59 |
27.92 |
20.59 |
20 |
2.66 |
18.69 |
27.56 |
20 |
5.05 |
32.98 |
24.32 |
22 |
2.83 |
21.51 |
31.73 |
22 |
4.67 |
37.65 |
27.77 |
25 |
4.36 |
25.87 |
38.16 |
25 |
3.54 |
41.19 |
30.38 |
27 |
4.88 |
30.75 |
45.36 |
27 |
1.30 |
42.50 |
31.34 |
29 |
2.90 |
33.65 |
49.63 |
29 |
0.00 |
42.50 |
31.34 |
32 |
2.41 |
36.06 |
53.18 |
32 |
0.00 |
42.50 |
31.34 |
33 |
0.92 |
36.97 |
54.53 |
33 |
0.00 |
42.50 |
31.34 |
36 |
2.10 |
39.07 |
57.63 |
36 |
0.00 |
42.50 |
31.34 |
39 |
1.62 |
40.69 |
60.01 |
39 |
0.00 |
42.50 |
31.34 |
At the 27th day at a concentration level 10 mg/L the test item was degradated at 45.36 % and at concentration level 20 mg/L - at 31.34 %. At the lower concentration the biodegradation continued steadily to increase and reached 60 % after 39 days of exposure. It is clear that after a lag phase the test item starts to degrade increasingly but did not reach the level of 60 % within the 28 days of exposure, therefore, the test item is not considered as readily biodegradable. As more than 20 % in the exposure period were reached at both concentration levels, it can be stated that the test item is inherently biodegradable.
Description of key information
In the test, D-8 reached 60 % biodegradation at the end of the 39-days exposure. During the guideline 28-days exposure period, D-8 reached 30 to 45 % biodegradation, therefore, the test item is considered to be inherently biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
D-8 was tested of aerobic degradability in a static activated sludge test (CO2 evolution test) according to EU Test guideline C.4-C and OECD 301B. The biodegradation was followed by determination of the evolved CO2. Sludge from a domestic sewage treatment plant was exposed to the test item for 39 days at two concentration levels – 10 and 20 mg/L. The validity of the test was shown by degradation of a reference substance (aniline) tested at 10 and 20 mg/L. The reference item degradation rates were 100 % at 10 mg/L and 94 % at 20 mg/L, respectively. A typical exponential phase of degradation of the test item was not obtained. Until day 20 a slow degradation at both concentrations was observed. Thereafter, a diauxic behaviour was obtained for the concentration 10 mg/L, whereas at the concentration of 20 mg/L the degradation stopped. D-8 showed degradation rates after 39 days of 60 % at a concentration of 10 mg/L and 31 % at 20 mg/L. Based on the results obtained, D-8 was regarded as inherently biodegradable.
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