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EC number: 204-650-8 | CAS number: 123-77-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Explosiveness
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Based on eleven valid available tests, azodicarbonamide is not explosive.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Explosiveness:
- non explosive
Additional information
- BAM report GLP/II23/040998/01, 1998;
- BAM report GLP/II23/270897/02, 1997;
- BAM report GLP/II23/270897/01, 1997;
- HLS report LBA0003, 2010;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/01, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/02, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/03, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/04, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/05, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/06, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/07, 1995.
Eleven different tests are available; all studies have been realised according to the EU method for the evaluation of the explosive properties of a substance A.14 and in compliance to GLP gave negative results in friction sensitivity, in impact sensitivity and in thermal sensitivity:
No reaction occurred during the friction test, the drop hammer test and the steel tube test. ADCA was therefore not explosive. Furthermore, in the BAM report on explosivity (1995), different granulometry were evaluated (from 2.2 to 7µ). No reaction occurred during the friction test, the drop hammer test and the steel tube test. ADCA was found negative in friction sensitivity, in impact sensitivity and in thermal sensitivity and therefore not explosive within the range of particle size tested.
ADCA is therefore considered as non-explosive.
Justification for classification or non-classification
- BAM report GLP/II23/040998/01, 1998;
- BAM report GLP/II23/270897/02, 1997;
- BAM report GLP/II23/270897/01, 1997;
- HLS report LBA0003, 2010;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/01, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/02, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/03, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/04, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/05, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/06, 1995;
- BAM report GLP/II23/260695/07, 1995.
- Friction sensitivity: as recommended by the Tests series 3(b) Sensitiveness to Friction (BAM friction apparatus),
- Impact sensitivity: as recommended by the Tests series 3(a) Sensitiveness to Impact (BAM Fallhammer),
- Thermal sensitivity: equivalent to the Koenen test, as recommended by the Tests series 2(b) Sensitiveness to Heat (BAM thermal sensitivity).
1-Classification according to DSD:
Azodicarbonamide is currently classified as E; R2 in the DSD regulation (Directive 67/548/CE, 31st amendment, 2009/2/CEE).
2-Classification according to CLP:
Screening procedure and waiving of the test:
a) Chemical structure
ADCA contains an azo group (N-N), which are chemical groups associated with explosive properties.
b) Oxygen balance
The oxygen balance has therefore to be calculated according to the formula:
Oxygen balance = - 1 600 [2x + (y/2)-z]/molecular weight;
[Calculated for the chemical reaction: CxHyOz+ [x+ (y/4)-(z/2)] O2 ¿ x CO2 + (y/2) H2O]
In the case of ADCA, x=2, y=4, z=2, and molecular weight=116.08.
The Oxygen balance is -55.13, which is above the -200 threshold.
This is confirmed by the Endpoint specific guidance chapter R7A, p 131, as Azodicarbonamide has been used as example for the explosive properties section.This passage hasbeen copied from "7.1.11.5 Integrated testing strategy for explosive properties":
ADCA“…contains an azo group; one of the alert groups for explosive properties. Thus, following the screening procedure, one continues to calculate the oxygen balance. The molecular formula is C2H4N4O2 and the molecular weight is 116.08. These give an oxygen balance of -55.13. This is more than the -200 threshold.”
c) Exothermic decomposition energy
According the Amendment to Special Provision 215 on UN 3242 (ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2001/2, 23 March 2001), by the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the GHS, Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (19thsession, 2-6 July 2001, agenda item 8(d)), transmitted by the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA),“AC formulations containing not more than 40% by weight of azodicarbonamide with at least 60% inert have an energy of decomposition of less than 500 J/g”.
Mixtures with such low energies of decomposition are not required to be considered as candidates for Class 1 (Manual of Tests and Criteria,Appendix 6: "Screening procedures for substances that may have explosive properties", paragraph 3.3(c)). Paragraph 3.3(c) of Appendix 6 states:
"When the organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties but the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g and the onset of exothermic decomposition is below 500 ºC (…).".
Above this concentration (40% of ADCA in mixtures), the exothermic Decomposition Energy is above the threshold 500J/g.
d) Mixtures of inorganic substances with organic material
Does not apply for ADCA.
In summary,ADCA cannot to be exempted from preliminary criteria of GHS/CLP.
According to the screening procedure, ADCA may possess explosive properties and has therefore to be tested for evaluation of the explosive properties based on the test series described in the UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (Manual of Test of Criteria).
Acceptance procedure
a) Official data
Relevant data on Azodicarbonamide have already been published in the official text: “UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria (part II)”; those information are as follows:
Test |
Result |
Additional remarks |
Equivalence |
A.1 |
"no" |
15 cm fragmented length, apparent density 627 kg/m3 |
comparable to the UN-Qap test 2(a) |
C.1 |
"yes, slowly" |
63 ms |
Time taken to pressure rise from 670 kPa to 2070 kPa is more than 30 msàcomparable to 2(c) |
C.2 |
"yes, slowly" |
0.35 mm |
|
E.1 |
"medium" |
Limiting diameter 1.5 mm |
Limiting diameter is less than 2,0 mmàcomparable to 2(b) |
E.2 |
"low" |
Limiting diameter 1.5 mm |
|
F.3 |
"no" |
9ml/10g |
|
H.4 |
> 75 °C |
SADT |
|
b) Unpublished data
Eleven unpublished tests realised according to the EU A.14 method and in compliance to GLP assessed the sensitivities to heat, friction and impact of ADCA:
Method A.14 evaluates:
No reaction occurred during the friction test, the drop hammer test and the steel tube test. All of the 11 tests were negative for each of the sensitivities tested.
c) Additional information
a. Granulometry
Furthermore, in these 11 tests, different granulometry were evaluated (from 2.2 to 7µ). No reaction occurred during the friction test, the drop hammer test and the steel tube test. ADCA was found negative in friction sensitivity, in impact sensitivity and in thermal sensitivity and therefore not explosive within the range of particle size tested.
b. Selfreactive substance
Furthermore, ADCA cannot be classified as a self-reactive substance (CLP-GHS), according to the classification criteria (part 2.8.2.1 – point (e)) of CLP-GHS regulation:“Any self-reactive substance or mixture shall be considered for classification in this class as a self-reactive substance or mixture unless:
(e) their self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is greater than 75ºC for a 50 kg package (UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Test of Criteria, table 28.4.4.5)”
The SADT (self-accelerating decomposition temperature) of a 50 kg package is higher than 75°C (UN Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Test of Criteria, table 28.4.4.5) for ADCA.
Summary
According to the available data, either official or unpublished, ADCA is negative in test series 2(a), (b) and (c).
Based on these test results and in relation with the criteria of test series 2 and 3, ADCA is too insensitive for acceptance into class 1 (transport) or as an explosive (GHS).
Nevertheless, violent and dangerous reactions (e.g. explosion) under strong confinement cannot be excluded.
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