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EC number: 203-931-2 | CAS number: 112-05-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Remarks:
- Fresh water ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Data on aliphatic compounds published 2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles. Data from ciliate growth inhibition tests, preferably with the species Tetrahymena are also relevant for the risk assessment for STPs.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- TETRATOX assay: Tetrahymena pyriformis population growth impairment test
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The aliphatic chemicals used in the study were obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI and MTM Research Chemicals, or Lancaster Synthesis Inc., Windham, NH in the highest available purity at the time of purchase. The purity of n-nonanoic acid was >95%.
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- According to Schultz et al. (1997), for highly soluble compounds no solvent was used - others were used as stock solution in DMSO. Based on the limited solubility of n-nonanoic acid DMSO was probably used.
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- stock solutions were prepared by mixing test substance with sterile distilled water or with reagent-grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) just prior to use (within 1 hour). Concentration of DMSO in the test medium did not exceed 0.75% (max. 375 µL stock solution per 50 mL of medium). This concentration had no effect on the growth of the test organisms. - Test organisms (species):
- Tetrahymena pyriformis
- Details on inoculum:
- - Laboratory culture: yes
- Test organism: Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-c) in log-growth-phase
- Initial biomass concentration: 2500 cells/mL (i.e. 0.20 mL of a 48-h culture) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 40 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Test duration allows for 8 to 9 cell cycles in controls.
- Hardness:
- See details on growth medium below.
- Test temperature:
- 27 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- The Tetrahymena growth medium is TRIS-buffered at pH 7.4. Based on the limited buffer capacity at this pH towards the acidic range, more acidic pH values must be assumed for higher test item concentrations (see details on results for further information).
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations; at least five graduate concentration levels, individual concentrations not reported
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): Erlenmeyer flasks, foam-stoppered
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glas, 250 mL, 150 mL, 50 mL
- Aeration: no data
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1.25 E5 (2500 cell/mL) in log-growth phase
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2 + 1 blank
- No. of tests per substance: 3 replicate independent tests;
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: sterile distilled water
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Test medium: Proteose peptone (5 g), D-glucose (5 g), Yeast extract (1 g,) Tris_HCl (1.2114 g) in 1000 mL distilled Water supplemented with 100 mL each of two salt solutions (Chlorides and Sulfates). Medium is sterilized. Details given in Schultz et al. (1997).
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: non-neutralized (explicitly reported in database excerpt; Schultz, 2006; T05017)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Growth impairment: population density is measured spectrophotometrically (absorbance at 540 nm)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: no data
- Range finding study: preliminary to the definite test (3 independent replicate assays) a range finding assay was performed: one to two range-finding tests were performed before the actual testing, with determination of pH for lowest test item concentration resulting in complete inhibition of cell replication because of the known sensitivity of the system to pH (at pH <= 5.5 doubling time approaches infinity); no details reported for isobutyric acid.)
STATISTICAL EVALUATION
- results are given as 50 % inhibitory growth concentration in mM (IGC50)
- IGC50 values and the 95% fiducial intervals are determined by Probit analysis using the percent control-normalized absorbance as the dependent variable and the toxicant concentration in mg/L as the independent variable - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 71 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: original value reported: -log (IGC50) = 0.3509
- Details on results:
- The results are based on non-neutralized test item solutions (explicitly reported in database excerpt; Schultz, 2006; T05017). According to Schultz (1997), TRIS-buffered (pH 7.4) test medium is used, because of the known sensitivity of the system to pH (at pH <= 5.5 doubling time approaches infinity). However, it is also described that control cultures approach this pH after 40 to 44 h of growth. Accordingly, buffer capacity will be very limited in case of organic acids like n-nonanoic acid and it is likely that the observed toxicity is in part due to the acidic pH resulting from a concentration of 71 mg/L n-nonanoic acid, and not solely a result of intrinsic microorganism toxicity. Concluding, the IC50 (Tetrahymena pyriformis; 40 h; growth) of 71 mg/L used for chemical safety assessment of STP microorganisms must be considered as conservative.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No details on statistics reported for n-nonanoic acid. Generally, IGC50 values and the 95% fiducial intervals are determined by Probit analysis using the percent control-normalized absorbance as the dependent variable and the toxicant concentration in mg/L as the independent variable. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software was used for the evaluation.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The concentration of n-nonanoic acid to inhibit the growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis by 50 % (40 h; spectrophotometric measurement of cell density) was determined to be 71 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
In a valid 40 hour growth inhibition study, test cultures of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis were exposed to n-nonanoic acid at five graduate concentrations under static conditions (individual concentrations not reported). The assay was performed in three independent replicate runs on the basis of a preceding range finding test. The IC50 value after 40 hours based on cell density was determined to be 71 mg/L, indicating low toxicity of n-nonanoic acid to aqueous microorganisms (ciliates) (Schultz et al., 2002/2006).
The results are based on non-neutralized test item solutions (explicitly reported in database excerpt; Schultz, 2006; T05017). According to Schultz (1997), TRIS-buffered (pH 7.4) test medium is used, because of the known sensitivity of the system to pH (at pH <= 5.5 doubling time approaches infinity). However, it is also described that control cultures approach this pH after 40 to 44 h of growth. Accordingly, buffer capacity will be very limited in case of organic acids like n-nonanoic acid and it is likely that the observed toxicity is in part due to the acidic pH resulting from a concentration of 71 mg/L n-nonanoic acid, and not solely a result of intrinsic microorganism toxicity. Concluding, the IC50 (Tetrahymena pyriformis; 40 h; growth) of 71 mg/L used for chemical safety assessment of STP microorganisms must be considered as conservative.
Reference
Description of key information
STP microorganism toxicity was assessed based on the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis: EC50 (40 h; cell density)= 71 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 71 mg/L
Additional information
In a valid 40 hour growth inhibition study, test cultures of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis were exposed to n-nonanoic acid at five graduate concentrations under static conditions (individual concentrations not reported). The assay was performed in three independent replicate runs on the basis of a preceding range finding test. The IC50 value after 40 hours based on cell density was determined to be 71 mg/L, indicating low toxicity of n-nonanoic acid to aqueous microorganisms (ciliates) (Schultz et al., 2002/2006).
The results are based on non-neutralized test item solutions (explicitly reported in database excerpt; Schultz, 2006; T05017). According to Schultz (1997), TRIS-buffered (pH 7.4) test medium is used, because of the known sensitivity of the system to pH (at pH <= 5.5 doubling time approaches infinity). However, it is also described that control cultures approach this pH after 40 to 44 h of growth. Accordingly, buffer capacity will be very limited in case of organic acids like n-nonanoic acid and it is likely that the observed toxicity is in part due to the acidic pH resulting from a concentration of 71 mg/L n-nonanoic acid, and not solely a result of intrinsic microorganism toxicity. Concluding, the IC50 (Tetrahymena pyriformis; 40 h; growth) of 71 mg/L used for chemical safety assessment of STP microorganisms must be considered as conservative.
This is supported by the results of a study on ready biodegradability (OECD 301B; Celanese, 1999):
a) nonanoic acid is readily biodegradable,
b) disturbances in sewage treatment plants are not to be expected when nonanoic acid is released in appropriate amounts, and
c) inhibitory effects of nonanoic acid to sewage sludge bacteria was not observed at a concentration of 10 mg C/L = 14 mg nonanoic acid/L.
Higher test item concentrations had not been used in the ready biodegradability test.
This corroborates that using the result from the Tetrahymena pyriformis study for PNEC derivation (AF 10), the resulting PNEC of 7.1 mg/L will be protective also for other microorganisms.
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