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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 608-209-4 | CAS number: 284461-73-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 49.3 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 0.247 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since developmental toxicity is the most sensitive endpoint and organoid development is fully covered by the exposure period within this study the default AF is corrected to 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 2.5 is suggested by the ECHA Guidance for remaining interspecies differences but justified deviations are possible. In this case a 2-year carcinogenicity study in a second species, the mouse, is available and provided evidence that the rat is the more sensitive species with regard to repeated dose toxicity. In mice the LOAELs were 35.3 mg/kg bw /day for males and 22.9 mg/kg bw /day for females compared to the rat LOAEL of 1.0 mg/kg bw /day for both sexes. Therefore, in this case an assessment factor of 1 for remaining interspecies differences provides sufficient protection, as the calculation based on the most sensitive species already includes a worst-case scenario.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 14 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other:
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.28 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since developmental toxicity is the most sensitive endpoint and organoid development is fully covered by the exposure period within this study the default AF is corrected to 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 2.5 is suggested by the ECHA Guidance for remaining interspecies differences but justified deviations are possible. In this case a 2-year carcinogenicity study in a second species, the mouse, is available and provided evidence that the rat is the more sensitive species with regard to repeated dose toxicity. In mice the LOAELs were 35.3 mg/kg bw /day for males and 22.9 mg/kg bw /day for females compared to the rat LOAEL of 1.0 mg/kg bw /day for both sexes. Therefore, in this case an assessment factor of 1 for remaining interspecies differences provides sufficient protection, as the calculation based on the most sensitive species already includes a worst-case scenario.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
Preliminary remarks
BAY 43-9006 (sorafenib base) is a multi-kinase inhibitor. It is also a dual action anti-tumor agent that exhibits its activity by affecting important pathways of cell growth and angiogenesis.
BAY 43-9006 is the active ingredient (free base) of BAY 54-9085, the tosylate salt of sorafenib. Both have been used in non-clinical development. Under physiological conditions a dissociation of the salt takes place and therefore an identical toxicity profile of BAY 54-9085 and BAY 43-9006 is to be expected. Hence, for BAY 43-9006 the results of the repeated dose toxicity studies with BAY 54-9085 can be taken for DNEL derivation under correction of the different molecular weight. The conversion factor between BAY 43-9006 and BAY 54-9085 is 1.37.
BAY 54-9085 is approved as an oral anti-cancer drug under the tradename Nexavar®.
Selection of the relevant starting point for the derivation of systemic long-term DNELs (inhalation and dermal route) for workers
There are no repeated dose toxicity studies available with BAY 43-9006 or BAY 54-9085 for the dermal or inhalation route.
In a 2-year carcinogenicity study in rats according to OECD Guideline 451 with oral doses of BAY 54-9085 up to 1.0 mg/kg bw/day (dose-adjusted via diet) a NOAEL of 0.3 mg/kg bw/day was established for males and females (Schladt and Rühl-Fehlert, 2013). At histopathology, in the abdominal organs such as stomach, spleen, pancreas and mesentery lymph nodes, age-related vascular changes arteritis/periarteritis and vasculopathy occurred at an increased incidence in both sexes at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg bw/day. Furthermore, in the teeth, fracture/dysplasia was slightly more frequent in males at the dose of 1.0 mg/kg bw /day. There was no evidence of a carcinogenic potential of BAY 54-9085.
In a developmental toxicity study female rats each were treated orally by gavage with BAY 54-9085 with daily doses of 0, 0.27, 1.37 or 3.43 mg/kg bw from day 6 to day 17 post conceptionem (Klaus, 2004). With respect to the parameters of intrauterine development, treatment-related effects were evident at 3.43 mg/kg and included impaired gestation rate (one total late resorption), increased post-implantation loss (late resorptions) in the remaining litters and consequently decreased mean litter size, increased incidence of necrotic placental borders and pale placentas, decreased placental and fetal weights, retarded fetal skeletal ossification in relation to reduced fetal weights and increased incidence of external and visceral deviations (pale appearance, missing innominate artery) and skeletal variations (supernumerary 14th ribs). Incidence of generally common fetal malformations of different types was as well increased at 3.43 mg/kg. At 1.37 mg/kg, treatment-relationship could not be excluded for retarded ossification of few localizations (single bones of forepaws and sternum, thoracic vertebrae), and a single malformation of the aorta (retroesophageal aortic arch).In this study the NOAEL for systemic maternal toxicity in rats was 1.37 mg/kg bw /day and the NOAEL for intrauterine development in rats was 0.27 mg/kg bw /day.
In summary, based on the above mentioned effects, the NOAEL of 0.3 mg/kg bw /day BAY 54-9085 (corresponding to 0.219 mg/kg bw /day BAY 43-9006) from the 2-year feeding study in rats will be taken as the most relevant starting point for the DNEL calculation of systemic long-term effects. The NOAEL of 0.27 mg/kg bw /day BAY 54-9085 (corresponding to 0.197 mg/kg bw /day BAY 43-9006) from the developmental toxicity study in rats is close to the NOAEL of the 2-year rat study. Therefore, the most sensitive endpoint after exposure to BAY 43-9006 is developmental toxicity and selected as POD..
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.7 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 87 µg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since developmental toxicity is the most sensitive endpoint and organoid development is fully covered by the exposure period within this study the default AF is corrected to 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 2.5 is suggested by the ECHA Guidance for remaining interspecies differences but justified deviations are possible. In this case a 2-year carcinogenicity study in a second species, the mouse, is available and provided evidence that the rat is the more sensitive species with regard to repeated dose toxicity. In mice the LOAELs were 35.3 mg/kg bw /day for males and 22.9 mg/kg bw /day for females compared to the rat LOAEL of 1.0 mg/kg bw /day for both sexes. Therefore, in this case an assessment factor of 1 for remaining interspecies differences provides sufficient protection, as the calculation based on the most sensitive species already includes a worst-case scenario.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other:
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since developmental toxicity is the most sensitive endpoint and organoid development is fully covered by the exposure period within this study the default AF is corrected to 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 2.5 is suggested by the ECHA Guidance for remaining interspecies differences but justified deviations are possible. In this case a 2-year carcinogenicity study in a second species, the mouse, is available and provided evidence that the rat is the more sensitive species with regard to repeated dose toxicity. In mice the LOAELs were 35.3 mg/kg bw /day for males and 22.9 mg/kg bw /day for females compared to the rat LOAEL of 1.0 mg/kg bw /day for both sexes. Therefore, in this case an assessment factor of 1 for remaining interspecies differences provides sufficient protection, as the calculation based on the most sensitive species already includes a worst-case scenario.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other:
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 0.2 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since developmental toxicity is the most sensitive endpoint and organoid development is fully covered by the exposure period within this study the default AF is corrected to 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- A factor of 2.5 is suggested by the ECHA Guidance for remaining interspecies differences but justified deviations are possible. In this case a 2-year carcinogenicity study in a second species, the mouse, is available and provided evidence that the rat is the more sensitive species with regard to repeated dose toxicity. In mice the LOAELs were 35.3 mg/kg bw /day for males and 22.9 mg/kg bw /day for females compared to the rat LOAEL of 1.0 mg/kg bw /day for both sexes. Therefore, in this case an assessment factor of 1 for remaining interspecies differences provides sufficient protection, as the calculation based on the most sensitive species already includes a worst-case scenario.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default (DNEL calculator)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.