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EC number: 602-997-3 | CAS number: 124495-18-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: U.S. EPA OPPTS Draft Guideline 850.4400
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Substance ID: TSN100097
Lot number: DECO-97-152-1
Purity: 97.3% - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling: At day 0, samples of newly prepared solutions were removed from the test and control solutions prior to division into the replicate test vessels. On day 3, samples of aged solutions were removed from individually composited replicate solutions of the treatment levels and controls.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Day 0 quality control samples which contained organic solvent were refrigerated until day 3 for reanalysis - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dilution water and dimethylformamide (DMF)
- Details on test solutions:
- A 460 μg a.i./mL primary stock solution was prepared prior to test initiation by placing 0.01182 g (0.01150 g as active ingredient) of the test substance in a 25-mL volumetric flask and bringing it to volume with dimethylformamide. The resulting stock solution was observed to be clear with a brown tint and no visible undissolved test substance following hand-inversions and shaking. Secondary stock solutions were prepared in dimethylformamide as dilutions of the 460 μg a.i./mL primary stock solution. Nominal test concentrations were prepared from the primary and secondary stock solutions diluting with sterile AAP Medium.
A solvent control solution was prepared by placing 0.10 mL of DMF in a 1000-mL flask and bringing it to volume with 20X AAP medium. Additional untreated 20X AAP medium was used for the control. - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Duckweed
- Strain: Lemna gibba
- Source: Canadian Phycological Culture Centre (CPCC) at the University of Waterloo, Canada.
- Method of cultivation: Stock cultures were grown in 20X Algal Assay Procedure (AAP) medium - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Test temperature:
- 23 to 24 °C
- pH:
- 7.6 to 9.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 2.9, 5.8, 12, 23 and 46 μg a.i./L
Measured: 2.1, 4.2, 9.1, 16 and 35 μg a.i./L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: yes
- Test vessel: Sterile 270-mL Pyrex glass crystallizing dishes
- Solution renewal: On test day 3 and 5, fronds were transferred to newly prepared test solutions to maintain the solution concentrations and replenish nutrients used in plant growth.
- No. of fronds per vessel: 12
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (20X AAP medium)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: Yes
- Photoperiod: Continous
- Light intensity and quality: 5200 to 6700 lux (fluorescent bulbs)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of frond number: On days 3, 5 and at test termination (day 7), fronds were counted and observations were made.
- Determination of biomass: At test termination (day 7), after frond density determinations were complete, the fronds were removed from each vessel, blotted dry and transferred to preweighed aluminum pans. Fronds were dried in an oven at 62 to 64 °C for ten days prior to dry weight determination.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- A 7-day preliminary static-renewal exposure was conducted at nominal concentrations of 0.046, 0.46, 4.6 and 46 μg a.i./L, a control and a solvent (DMF) control. Two replicate exposure vessels were established for each concentration and control. Test solutions were renewed on days 3 and 5. All test solutions were clear and colorless with no visible undissolved test substance following solution preparation. Following 7 days of exposure, frond densities in the 0.046, 0.46, 4.6 and 46 μg a.i./L treatment levels averaged 191, 203, 214 and 184 fronds/replicate, respectively. Frond density in the control and the solvent control averaged 211 and 209 fronds/replicate, respectively. Fronds exposed to all treatment levels and controls were observed to be normal. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 35 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: frond density, growth rate and frond dry weight (biomass)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC50 and LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 35 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: frond density, growth rate and frond dry weight (biomass)
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC5
- Effect conc.:
- 7.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Frond density
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Limits: 2.2-16 μg a.i./L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC5
- Effect conc.:
- > 35 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC5
- Effect conc.:
- < 2.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: dry weight
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC90
- Effect conc.:
- > 35 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: frond density, growth rate and frond dry weight (biomass)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- A t-test was conducted on the frond density, growth rate and dry weight biomass data to compare the results of the solvent control to the negative (blank) control.
The data were first checked for normality using Shapiro-Wilks' Test and for homogeneity of variance using Bartlett's Test. If the data sets passed the tests for homogeneity and normality, then Dunnett’s Test was used to determine the NOEC and LOEC. If the data did not pass the tests for homogeneity and normality, then Kruskal-Wallis’ Test was used to determine the NOEC. All statistical determinations were made at the 95% level of certainty, except in the case of Shapiro-Wilks' and Bartlett's Tests, where the 99% level of certainty was applied. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Lemna gibba 7-day NOEC: 35 μg a.i./L (frond density, growth rate and frond dry weight (biomass))
Lemna gibba 7-day LOEC and EC50: >35 μg a.i./L (frond density, growth rate and frond dry weight (biomass)) - Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the test substance on the growth of the duckweed, Lemna gibba per the general requirements of the U.S. EPA OPPTS Draft Guideline 850.4400. The nominal test concentrations chosen for the definitive study were 2.9, 5.8, 12, 23 and 46 μg a.i./L corresponding to the measured concentrations of 2.1, 4.2, 9.1, 16 and 35 μg a.i./L respectively. Three replicate exposure vessels were established for each concentration and control. Test solutions were renewed on days 3 and 5.
At test termination, fronds exposed to all treatment levels tested, the control and the solvent control were observed to be normal. The 7-day NOEC and LOEC were determined to be 35 and >35 μg a.i./L, respectively for frond density, growth rate and frond dry weight (biomass). Since no concentration tested resulted in ≥ 50% reduction, the 7-day EC50 value was empirically estimated to be >35 μg a.i./L for frond density, growth rate and frond dry weight (biomass).
Reference
Description of key information
7-day ErC50 (Lemna gibba): > 35 µg/L (the highest dose tested); U.S. EPA OPPTS Draft Guideline 850.4400; Reliability = 1
7-day NOEC (Lemna gibba): > 35 µg/L (the highest dose tested); U.S. EPA OPPTS Draft Guideline 850.4400; Reliability = 1
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 35 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 35 µg/L
Additional information
The ErC50 and NOEC from the 7-day Lemna gibba test was > 35 µg/L, based on growth rate.
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