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EC number: 221-361-2 | CAS number: 3077-27-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29. May- 30 May 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Version / remarks:
- 2010
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- No. 2016/266 amending Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 adopted 07 Dec 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test item was added to the test vessels directly.
- Eluate: No
- Differential loading: Yes
- Controls: Yes (only medium and activated sludge) - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected:
Activation basin of the ESN (Stadtentsorgung Neustadt) sewage treatment plant in D-67435 NW-Lachen-Speyerdorf, Germany
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: On the day before the experiment, the inoculum was taken from its source, washed, aerated and the dry matter was determined. Volume was adapted to the desired content of dry matter. The nutrient solution was thawed and the sludge was fed with 50 mL nutrient solution/L sludge.
- Pretreatment: Sludge was filtrated, washed with tap water 3 times and re-suspended in tap water. The activated sludge was aerated until usage in the test and fed daily with 50 mL synthetic sewage feed /L
- Initial biomass concentration: 1.58 g suspended solids/L dry matter in the test
- Dry matter of sludge concentration: 3.16 g suspended solids/L - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 20.4 – 21.2 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 7.9 (Control)
7.8 (Test item concentrations) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass beakers (800 – 1000 mL) were used as test vessels and narrow-neck glass bottles with flat bottoms (250 mL) were used as measuring flasks
- Aeration: Activated sludge was aerated until usage in the test, purified air, using Pasteur pipettes
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5 (for highest test item concentration1000 mg/L) and 1 for the lower test item concentrations (1, 10 and 100 mg/L)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): 1.58 g suspended solids/L
- Nutrients provided for bacteria: Nutrient solution, 16 mL/vessel, synthetic sewage according to guideline OECD 209
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tap water (pH 8.16; Conductivity at 25 °C: 228 µS/cm; Hardness: 0.83 mmol/L)
- Particulate matter: TOC < 0.50 mg/L
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: O2 consumption measured over a period of max 5 min and the pH are measured at the end of the test
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10 range-finding test in a limit test design
Range finding study : The test was a combination of range-finding test and limit test - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values:
No
- Blank controls oxygen uptake rate: 25.12 mg oxygen per gramm sludge in 1 h, see also table in "Any other information on results incl table"
- Coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake rate in control replicates: 2.5% , see also table in "Any other information on results incl table" - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50 7.4 mg/L (95% confidential limits: 5.0 - 9.6 mg/L). The value lies within the recommended range of 2 – 25 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Following the t-value WEIR-Test the difference between treatment 1000 mg/L and the blank control can be considered as not significant as the calculated t-value lay below the tabulated t-value. Therefore, the concentration 1000 mg/L is stated as NOEC.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See detailed information in section "Any other information on results incl tables"
- Conclusions:
- The test item was tested using 4 concentrations ranging from 1000 to 1 mg/L nominal concentration. For the treatment 1000 mg/L, 5 replicates were used; for the other treatments, 1 replicate each. Because no significant inhibition was observed, no additional experiment had to be performed.
Reference
Table 1: O2-Consumption, Inhibition
Vessel No. |
Content |
Concentration in mg/L (nominal) |
O2 consumption in mg/(L*min) |
O2 consumption in mg/(L*h) |
Inhibition in % |
pH |
1 |
Blank Control |
0 |
0.6703 |
40.215 |
0 |
7.9 |
2 |
Blank Control |
0 |
0.6425 |
38.552 |
0 |
7.9 |
3 |
PositiveControl |
5 |
0.4138 |
24.828 |
37.5 |
8.0 |
4 |
Positive Control |
10 |
0.2678 |
16.066 |
59.5 |
8.0 |
5 |
Positive Control |
20 |
0.1418 |
8.509 |
78.6 |
8.0 |
6 |
Positive Control |
40 |
0.0830 |
4.980 |
87.5 |
8.0 |
7 |
Blank Control |
0 |
0.6745 |
40.469 |
0 |
7.8 |
8 |
Blank Control |
0 |
0.6399 |
38.395 |
0 |
7.8 |
9 |
Test Item |
1000 |
0.6545 |
39.271 |
1.1 |
7.8 |
10 |
Test Item |
1000 |
0.6521 |
39.129 |
1.4 |
7.8 |
11 |
Test Item |
1000 |
0.6588 |
39.530 |
0.4 |
7.8 |
12 |
Test Item |
1000 |
0.6605 |
39.631 |
0.2 |
7.8 |
13 |
Test Item |
1000 |
0.6598 |
39.588 |
0.3 |
7.8 |
14 |
Test Item |
100 |
0.6629 |
39.772 |
-0.2 |
7.8 |
15 |
Test Item |
10 |
0.6698 |
40.189 |
-1.2 |
7.8 |
16 |
Test Item |
1 |
0.6688 |
40.126 |
-1.1 |
7.8 |
17 |
Blank Control |
0 |
0.6645 |
39.870 |
0 |
7.8 |
18 |
Blank Control |
0 |
0.6777 |
40.660 |
0 |
7.8 |
Table 2: Validity criteria for OECD 209
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The blank controls (without the test substance or reference substance) oxygen uptake rate should not be less than 20 mg oxygen per one gram of activated sludge (dry weight of suspended solids) in an hour. |
25.12 mg oxygen per gram sludge in 1 h |
Yes |
The coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake rate in control replicates should not be more than 30% at the end of definitive test. |
2.5% |
Yes |
Description of key information
NOEC (3 h) ≥ 1000 mg/L (OECD 209, activated sludge, nominal)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
There is one GLP study available investigating the respiration inhibition of activated sludge microorganisms according to OECD guideline 209.
To investigate the inhibitory effects on total respiration, non-adapted activated sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant was fed with synthetic sewage and inoculated with nominal concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L substance for 3 h under aerobic conditions. Blank controls (without test item) and sensitivity controls (with a reference item at three concentration levels) were carried out in parallel. After 3 h, the oxygen consumption rate was measured by inserting an oxygen electrode into a BOD bottle and recording oxygen concentration. No respiration inhibition of the activated sludge compared to the blank controls was determined up to 1000 mg/L. The endpoints EC50 and EC10 were reported as >1000 mg/L and the NOEC as ≥ 1000 mg/L.
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