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EC number: 221-361-2 | CAS number: 3077-27-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 - 27 Nov 2018
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 23. Mar. 2006, Annex 5 corrected: 28 July 2011
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See section "Any other information on material and methods incl tables"
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 07. December 2015
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See section "Any other information on material and methods incl tables"
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Control and all test item solutions
- Sampling method: Samples were taken at test start and test end
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were frozen - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Differential loading: A stock solution was prepared by mixing the nominal load of 100.0 mg/L with the corresponding amount of algal medium and shaking vigorously for 23 h. The resulting solution was filtrated through 0.45 μm cellulose filters. The lower treatments were prepared by dilution of this saturated solution with nutrient medium.
- Controls: Yes, algae medium only - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: SAG 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Received from MBM Sciencebridge GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen; Jan 2016)
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 5 days (pre-culture)
- Method of cultivation: The algae are kept as stock culture on solid agar at 2 - 8 °C. From the stock culture, a permanent culture was prepared. From an aliquot of the permanent culture, the pre-culture was prepared.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 5 days (for the pre-culture)
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Not the same, stock culture was kept on a solid agar. For the pre-culture the same medium (OECD 201 medium) was used. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.2 – 23.2 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 9.1 (Control)
7.8 - 10.1 (Test item concentrations) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: Control, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
Measured: measured concentrations are listed in table 5 - 6 in section "Any other information on results incl tables". - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Type: open (covered with perforated plastic foil acting as a stopper)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass flasks total volume 65 mL, 46 mL test solution, 15 mL headspace
- Initial cells density: 2400 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 815737 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD medium was used according to the OECD guideline 201, all solutions were sterilized before use.
- Culture medium different from test medium: Pre-culture and test were performed with the same medium
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH was measured at test start and test end
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: continous
- Light intensity and quality: 5000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Cell numbers were determined with an electronic particle counter every 24 h.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Range finding study: The concentrations to be tested are based on non-GLP pre-tests. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 (CAS No. 7778-50-9)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 56.58 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 56.58 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 18.11 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): No, algae cells appeared in a normal shape through the whole test duration and for all test item concentrations and the control.
Others: the lowest test item concentration of 1 mg/L was excluded from the evaluation based on turbidity. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 72h ErC50: 0.79 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.79 - 0.79 mg/L)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Calculation of results was performed with the help of validated software (Microsoft Excel®). The estimation of the biological data was accomplished using the software ToxRat® Professional, version 3.2.1. statistical calculation using ToxRat® Professional 3.2.1 (based on nominal concentrations) and statistical calculation using ToxRat® Professional 3.2.1 (based on measured concentrations).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
Reference
Table 1: Biological Results of the Test Item (based on measured concentrations)
Parameter |
Value |
95% confidence interval |
NOEC (Growth Rate) 72 h |
18.11 μg/L |
-- |
NOEC (Yield) 72 h |
18.11 μg/L |
-- |
LOEC (Growth Rate) 72 h |
56.58 μg/L |
-- |
LOEC (Yield) 72 h |
56.58 μg/L |
-- |
72h ErC10 |
> 56.58 μg/L |
-- |
72h EyC10 |
15.16 μg/L |
2.51 – 91.75 μg/L |
72h ErC50 |
> 56.58 μg/L |
-- |
72h EyC50 |
> 56.58 μg/L |
-- |
Table 2: Biological Results of the Test Item (based on nominal concentrations)
Parameter |
Value |
95% confidence interval |
NOEC (Growth Rate) 72 h |
32.00 mg/L |
-- |
NOEC (Yield) 72 h |
32.00 mg/L |
-- |
LOEC (Growth Rate) 72 h |
100.00 mg/L |
-- |
LOEC (Yield) 72 h |
100.00 mg/L |
-- |
72h ErC10 |
> 100 mg/L |
-- |
72h EyC10 |
26.79 mg/L |
4.43 – 162.18 mg/L |
72h ErC50 |
> 100 mg/L |
-- |
72h EyC50 |
> 100 mg/L |
-- |
Table 3: Inhibition Values
Nominal concentration in mg/L |
% Inhibition |
|
|
Growth Rate (0-72h) |
Yield (0-72h) |
Blank control |
0 |
0 |
1* |
11.85 |
49.74 |
3.2 |
-1.7 |
-10.0 |
10 |
-0.9 |
-5.1 |
32 |
2.6 |
14.5 |
100 |
8.2 |
37.3 |
Negative inhibition values indicate a stimulation of algal growth compared to the blank control. Treatment 1 mg/L showed turbidity and is therefore not included in the evaluation.
* values calculated by Microsoft Excel®, not by ToxRat®
Table 4: Cell Numbers calculated
Nominal Conc. |
Replicate |
Cell Number/mL |
|||
[mg/L] |
|
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
Blank control |
1 |
2400 |
19440 |
161800 |
815900 |
|
2 |
2400 |
21140 |
152620 |
755260 |
|
3 |
2400 |
18120 |
175740 |
928160 |
|
4 |
2400 |
18120 |
152960 |
860020 |
|
5 |
2400 |
18660 |
160920 |
828940 |
|
6 |
2400 |
16500 |
133900 |
706140 |
|
Mean |
2400 |
18663 |
156323 |
815737 |
|
SD |
0 |
1550 |
13827 |
78030 |
1 |
1 |
2400 |
14760 |
116060 |
475020 |
|
2 |
2400 |
15680 |
115240 |
417220 |
|
3 |
2400 |
14000 |
79860 |
341260 |
|
Mean |
2400 |
14813 |
103720 |
411167 |
|
SD |
0 |
841 |
20667 |
67085 |
3.2 |
1 |
2400 |
18360 |
170360 |
919060 |
|
2 |
2400 |
19260 |
163940 |
874420 |
|
3 |
2400 |
19620 |
176140 |
898040 |
|
Mean |
2400 |
19080 |
170147 |
897173 |
|
SD |
0 |
649 |
6103 |
22333 |
10 |
1 |
2400 |
17920 |
160840 |
864980 |
|
2 |
2400 |
19980 |
160320 |
940620 |
|
3 |
2400 |
18460 |
151380 |
766140 |
|
Mean |
2400 |
18787 |
157513 |
857247 |
|
SD |
0 |
1068 |
5318 |
87497 |
32 |
1 |
2400 |
15920 |
119660 |
675140 |
|
2 |
2400 |
17460 |
162200 |
728120 |
|
3 |
2400 |
14880 |
137700 |
689480 |
|
Mean |
2400 |
16087 |
139853 |
697580 |
|
SD |
0 |
1298 |
21352 |
27403 |
100 |
1 |
2400 |
14620 |
120080 |
637200 |
|
2 |
2400 |
12400 |
99600 |
510440 |
|
3 |
2400 |
13560 |
85960 |
390520 |
|
Mean |
2400 |
13527 |
101880 |
512720 |
|
SD |
0 |
1110 |
17174 |
123356 |
SD = Standard Deviation
Treatment 1 mg/L showed turbidity and is therefore not included in the evaluation
Analytical Results:
Table 5: Measured Concentrations with algae
Nominal Concentration Test Item mg/L |
Measured concentration test item μg/L |
|
|
|
|
t = 0 h |
t = 24 h |
t = 48 h |
t = 72 h |
Blank control |
-- |
-- |
-- |
<LOD |
1 |
-- |
<LOD |
<LOD |
<LOD |
3.2 |
-- |
<LOD |
<LOD |
<LOD |
10 |
-- |
<LOD |
<LOD |
<LOD |
32 |
-- |
10.39 |
3.50 |
<LOD |
100 |
-- |
49.90* |
40.02 |
31.90 |
LOD / LOQ (Limit of detection / quantification) = 1.00 μg/L (as the lowest calibration level)
Treatment 1 mg/L showed turbidity and is therefore not included in the evaluation
* 8-fold diluted instead of 2-fold like the other values
Table Measured Concentrations without algae
Nominal Concentration Test Item |
Measured concentration test item μg/L |
|||
mg/L |
t = 0 h |
t = 24 h |
t = 48 h |
t = 72 h |
Blank control |
< LOD |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1 |
< LOD |
< LOD |
< LOD |
< LOD |
3.2 |
1.24 |
< LOD |
< LOD |
< LOD |
10 |
5.81 |
< LOD |
< LOD |
< LOD |
32 |
24.46 |
9.82 |
5.94 |
3.89 |
100 |
96.93* |
55.74* |
45.72 |
41.50 |
100 (additional) |
82.00 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
LOD / LOQ (Limit of detection / quantification) = 1.00 μg/L (as the lowest calibration level)
Treatment 1 mg/L showed turbidity and is therefore not included in the evaluation
* 8-fold diluted instead of 2-fold like the other values
Table 6: Geometric Mean of Measured Concentrations and Calculated Concentrations
Nominal Concentration Test Item |
Geometric Mean |
Calculated Concentrations |
mg/L |
μg/L |
μg/L |
Blank control |
- |
- -- |
1 |
-- |
0.57 |
3.2 |
-- |
1.81 |
10 |
-- |
5.66 |
32 |
-- |
18.11 |
100 |
56.58 |
56.58 |
Treatment 1 mg/L showed turbidity and is therefore not included in the evaluation
Table 7: Validity criteria
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period. |
340 |
Yes |
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures must not exceed 35% |
14% |
Yes |
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7% in tests with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For other less frequently tested species, the value should not exceed 10%. |
2% |
Yes |
Description of key information
EC50 (72h) >56.58 µg/L (Desmodesmus subspicatus, OECD 201, mean measured concentrations)
EC10 (72h) >56.58 µg/L (Desmodesmus subspicatus, OECD 201, mean measured concentrations)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
One experimental study is available investigating the toxicity of 4-(octadecylamino)-4-oxoisocrotonic acid (CAS 3077-27-8) to aquatic freshwater algae. The study was conducted according to OECD 201 (GLP) using the freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (LAUS GmbH, 2018b). The test was carried out with test item concentrations of 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L for 72 h. The test solution was prepared by adding appropriate amounts of test item to test medium, followed by intensive stirring and filtration. During the study the actual concentrations in the test medium was measured by HPLC/MS. The measured concentration in the freshly prepared solutions was between 1.24 μg/L and 96.93 μg/L and in the aged test solutions between 3.89 μg/L and 41.5 μg/L, respectively. Therefore the results are given based on the geometric mean of the measured concentrations. Hence the EC50 (72 h) was determined to be > 100 mg/L (nominal) and > 56.58 μg/L (geom. mean measured concentration), respectively. Statistically significant effects were determined at the highest test item concentration of 56.58 µg/L based on growth rate. Hence the NOEC was determined to be at 18.11 µg/L. Due to a low inhibition of 8% at 56.58 µg/L the EC10 was used as toxicological endpoint since effects below 10 % compared to the control are generally not considered to be ecotoxicologically relevant. According to the Guidance on Application of CLP criteria (Version 5.0, July 2017) the preference is given to EC10 to be used for classification and risk assessment. Following this strategy the EC10 and EC50 were used as toxicological endpoints. The measured water solubility for the test item was determined to be 5.9 mg/L at 25 °C, pH 5. The discrepancy between the low recovery in the test solutions and the water solubility may have been caused by the different test media, pH-values and temperature.
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