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EC number: 201-741-4 | CAS number: 87-39-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016.11.04-2016.11.07
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Following GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 5-hydroxyiminobarbituric acid
- EC Number:
- 201-741-4
- EC Name:
- 5-hydroxyiminobarbituric acid
- Cas Number:
- 87-39-8
- Molecular formula:
- C4H3N3O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 5-(hydroxyimino)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Lot/batch No.: 201713807
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Chemical name (IUPAC): 5-Hydroxyiminobarbuturic acid
CAS: 87-39-8
Lot no: 201616909T
Purity: ≥ 98%
Color: off whit to light yellow or light pink
Production date: 2016.07.01
Date of expiry: 2018.07.01
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: 0.9, 1.7, 3.2, 6.1, 11.6, 22.0 aqnd 42 mg/L
- Sampling method: Samples were collected at the start (0h) and the end (72h) of the test.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Violuric acid was directly suspended in algal medium.
- Controls: algal culture medium and 3,5-Dichlorophenol (positive control, directly dissolved in algal medium)
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- initial concentrationof test culture 5638 cells/mLTEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: ATCC 22662
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): American Type Culture Collection
- Method of cultivation: Alga stock was periodically subcultured at least once in a week and maintained with illumination and temperature of 4440 to 8880 lux and 21-24 degrees celsius. From healthy axenic laga culture, preculture was prepared.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): yes
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 21.3-22.0°C
- pH:
- The measured pH values in control group flasks after 72H were 7.93 - 8.13
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration:0; 0.9; 1.7; 3.2; 6.1; 11.6; 22.0 and 42.0 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterilized glass conical flasks (Erlenmeyer flasks)
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, fill volume: Glass, 250 mL, 100 mL
- Initial cells density: 5638 cells/mL
- Control end cells density:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (OECD alga medium)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: sterilised deionized water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Light intensity and quality: 5420, universal white type fluorescent lamp
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: By manual counting under a microscope using a hemocytometer (Neubauer improved).
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.9
- Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations: 0.9, 1.7, 3.2, 6.1, 11.6, 22.0 and 42.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5 Dichlorophenol (99.7%)
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 12.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11.77 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Reference substance: 3,5-Dichlorophenol
EC50 (growth rate) = 3.18 mg/L
EC50 (yield) = 1.45 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 values: Probit analysis (Finney, 1971)
LOEC and NOEC values: SPSS statistical procedure for multiple comparison using individual replicate values of the specific growth rate
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- From the test conducted according to the standard conditions the growth rat inhibition ErC50 of Violuric acid was found to be 12.20 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration over 72 h test was 0.9 mg/L and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration was 1.7 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The test item Violuric Acid was assessed for Alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) Growth Inhibition Test as per the OECD TG 201 and in compliance with GLP.
A range finding studywith 6 concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L (each concentration with 2 replicates except control possessing 6 replicates) . The algal growth was assessed at 24, 48 and 72h exposure during the test.
During range finding study exponetially growing alga cells (5775 cells/mL9 were exposed to range of selected concentrations. There was a concentration dependent percent growth inhibition of 0.69, 1.60, 8.02, 13.76, 100 and 100% observed in treated algal groups of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L Violuric Acid, respectively, compared to control group.
Based on the results of the range finding test the main study was conducted with following concentrations: 0.9, 1.7, 3.2, 6.1, 11.6, 22.0 and 42.0 mg/L violuric acid. Each concentration was tested in triplicates except for the control, which was tested in 6 replicates. The algal growth density was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Exponentially growing alga cells were exposed to the range of selected concentrations.
Percent growth inhibition of 0.96, 4.55, 10.55, 12.71, 15.83, 18.22 and 100% was observed in treated concentrations
0.9, 1.7, 3.2, 6.1, 11.6, 22.0 and 42.0 mg/L violuric acid, respectively, compared to control algae.
The present alga growth inhibition study fulfills the validity criteria of the test and is thus considered valid.
Analytical results showed that test concentrations at the beginning (0h) and the end (72h) of the test were in the acceptable range of +/-20% recovery of the nominal concentrations.
Under the conditions of the test the ErC50 (72h) value was determined to be 12.2 mg/L and the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) (72h) to be 0.9 mg Violuric Acid/L.
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