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EC number: 201-782-8 | CAS number: 87-90-1
Toxicity to birds
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to birds: dietary toxicity test
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented study but not performed to GLP or guideline
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Mallard ducks were exposed to dietary concentrations of monosodium cyanurate for 5 days and then observed for an additional three days. Negative controls were exposed to a basal diet only.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Dose method:
- feed
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and analysis of diet:
- DIET PREPARATION
- Description and nutrient analysis of basal diet provided in study report: yes
- Type of vehicle: Corn oil
- Preparation of doses: The experimental material and dieldrin were dissolved in corn oil in concentrations such that the addition of two parts (by weight) of each solution to 98 parts of the standard game bird starter ration resulted in the logarithmic series of dosage levels.
- Test organisms (species):
- Anas platyrhynchos
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Mallard Duck
- Source: Truslow Farms Inc., Chestertown, Maryland, USA
- Age at test initiation: 14 days
- Weight at test initiation: Refer to table 1
- Sexes used: Male and female - Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration (if not single dose):
- 5 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- The birds were maintained on toxicant-free diet for an additional three-day observation period.
- No. of animals per sex per dose and/or stage:
- 10 per dose
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Nominal and measured doses / concentrations:
- 464, 1000, 2150, 4640 and 10000 ppm (nominal)
- Details on examinations and observations:
- MORTALITY / CLINICAL SIGNS
- Time schedule for examinations: Daily over 8 days
BODY WEIGHT
- Time schedule for examinations: Day 0 and day 8
FOOD CONSUMPTION
- Time schedule for examinations: Recorded by pen during 5 day exposure period
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dieldrin
- Duration (if not single dose):
- 8 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 10 000 other: ppm
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Mortality and sub-lethal effects:
- MORTALITY AND CLINICAL SIGNS
- Results: See table 3
- Remarks: There was no mortality in the negative control groups; and the birds appeared normal throughout the study. In the dieldrin group there was a dose-related suppression in the body weight gain and food consumption. At the 68 ppm dosage level, only hyperexcitability was observed prior to death. The following symptoms were observed at the 100, 147, 215, and 316 ppm dosage levels; lack of coordination, depression, loss of the righting reflex, rigidly extended legs and neck and salivation. With the exception of an incidental death at the 2150 ppm dosage level, Monosodium Cyanurate did not cause symptoms of toxicity or behavioural abnormalities at the dosage level tested.
BODY WEIGHT
- Results: See table 1
FOOD CONSUMPTION
- Results: See table 2
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Refer to tables 1, 2 and 3
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Mortality was analyzed statistically by the method of Litchfield JT and WIlcoxon (1949)
- Conclusions:
- Monosodium cyanurate did not cause any symptoms of toxicity or behavioural abnormalities at the dosage levels tested. There was no mortality at any dosage level, with the exception of an incidental death in the 2150 ppm dosage level.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to birds: dietary toxicity test
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study not performed to GLP or guideline
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Bob white quail were exposed to dietary concentrations of monosodium cyanurate for 5 days and then observed for an additional three days. Negative controls were exposed to a basal diet only
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Dose method:
- feed
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and analysis of diet:
- DIET PREPARATION
- Description and nutrient analysis of basal diet provided in study report: yes
- Preparation of doses: The test material was dissolved in corn oil in concentrations such that the addition of two parts ( by weight) of each solution to 98 parts of the standard game bird starter ratio resulted in a logarithmic series of dosages
- Type of vehicle: Corn oil
- Test organisms (species):
- Colinus virginianus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bobwhie quail
- Source: Production flock, Truslow Farms Inc., Chestertown, Maryland, USA
- Age at test initiation: 14 days
- Weight at test initiation (mean): See table 2 - Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration (if not single dose):
- 5 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Birds were maintained on a toxicant-free diet for an additional three-day observation period.
- No. of animals per sex per dose and/or stage:
- 10 birds per dose (sex not stated)
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Nominal and measured doses / concentrations:
- 464, 1000, 2150, 4640 and 10000 ppm(nominal)
- Details on examinations and observations:
- MORTALITY / CLINICAL SIGNS
- Time schedule for examinations: Daily
BODY WEIGHT
- Time schedule for examinations: Recorded by pen at initiation and termination of the study.
FOOD CONSUMPTION (if feeding study)
- Time schedule for examinations: Recorded by pen at initiation and termination of the study.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dieldrin
- Duration (if not single dose):
- 8 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 10 000 other: ppm
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Mortality and sub-lethal effects:
- MORTALITY AND CLINICAL SIGNS:
- Results: See table 3
- Remarks: There was no mortality in the negative control groups; and the birds appeared normal throughout the study. In the Dieldrin group hyperexcitability was noted at 10.0 and 14.7 ppm dosage levels. Depression, loss of righting reflex, clonic convulsions, wing droop, and salivation preceded death at the 21.5, 31.6 and 46.4 ppm dosage levels. Monosodium Cyanurate did not cause symptoms of toxicity or behavioural abnormalities at the dosage levels tested. There was no mortality ar any dosage level.
BODY WEIGHT
- Results: See table 1
FOOD CONSUMPTION (if feeding study)
- Results: See table 2
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- See tables 1 , 2 and 3
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Mortality was analyzed statistically by the method of Litchfield JT and WIlcoxon (1949)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Monosodium cyanurate did not cause symptoms of the toxicity or behavioural abnormalities at the dosage levels tested. There was no mortality at any dosage level.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Average body weights
Material |
Concentration ppm |
Average body weight (g) Day 0 |
Monosodium cyanurate |
464 |
160 |
1000 |
145 |
|
2150 |
190 |
|
4640 |
153 |
|
10000 |
148 |
|
Dieldrin |
68 |
177 |
100 |
187 |
|
147 |
155 |
|
215 |
170 |
|
316 |
162 |
|
Negative control |
0 |
167 |
0 |
160 |
|
0 |
170 |
|
0 |
155 |
|
0 |
172 |
Table 2: Estimated food consumption
Material |
Concentration ppm |
Total estimated food consumption (g) |
Monosodium cyanurate |
464 |
3850 |
1000 |
3625 |
|
2150 |
4175 |
|
4640 |
2950 |
|
10000 |
3875 |
|
Dieldrin |
68 |
2950 |
100 |
2850 |
|
147 |
2725 |
|
215 |
2350 |
|
316 |
1800 |
|
Negative control |
0 |
4650 |
0 |
4425 |
|
0 |
4500 |
|
0 |
4575 |
|
0 |
4750 |
Table 3: Mortalities
Material |
Dosage ppm |
Time of death (day) |
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
||
Monosodium cyanrate |
464 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1000 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
2150 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
1/10 |
1/10 |
1/10 |
1/10 |
|
4640 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
10000 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
Dieldrin |
68 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
3/10 |
3/10 |
3/10 |
100 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
2/10 |
3/10 |
5/10 |
6/10 |
6/10 |
|
147 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
3/10 |
5/10 |
5/10 |
6/10 |
6/10 |
|
215 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
6/10 |
7/10 |
9/10 |
9/10 |
9/10 |
|
316 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
3/10 |
8/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
10/10 |
|
Negative control |
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
Table 1: Body weights
Material |
Conc. (ppm) |
Average body weight (g) |
|
Day 0 |
Day 8 |
||
Monosodium cyanurate |
464 |
25 |
45 |
1000 |
25 |
45 |
|
2150 |
27 |
35 |
|
4640 |
27 |
38 |
|
10000 |
28 |
40 |
|
Dieldrin control |
10.0 |
30 |
42 |
14.7 |
30 |
41 |
|
21.5 |
28 |
43 |
|
31.6 |
28 |
37 |
|
46.4 |
28 |
25 |
|
Negative control |
0 |
30 |
47 |
0 |
30 |
47 |
|
0 |
30 |
45 |
|
0 |
30 |
45 |
|
0 |
30 |
48 |
|
Table 2: Estimated food consumption
Material |
Conc. (ppm) |
Total estimated food consumption (g)* |
Monosodium cyanurate |
464 |
400 |
1000 |
375 |
|
2150 |
450 |
|
4640 |
350 |
|
10000 |
450 |
|
Dieldrin control |
10.0 |
550 |
14.7 |
378 |
|
21.5 |
400 |
|
31.6 |
323 |
|
46.4 |
275 |
|
Negative control |
0 |
450 |
0 |
525 |
|
0 |
630 |
|
0 |
550 |
|
0 |
495 |
* Total estimated food consumption during five-day exposure period
Table 3: Mortalities
Substance |
Dosage (ppm) |
Time of death (day) |
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
||
Monosodium cyanurate |
464 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1000 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
2150 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
4640 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
10000 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
Dieldrin |
10.0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
14.7 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
1/10 |
|
21.5 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
2/10 |
2/10 |
|
31.6 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
3/10 |
6/10 |
6/10 |
6/10 |
6/10 |
|
46.4 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
1/10 |
2/10 |
7/10 |
8/10 |
8/10 |
8/10 |
|
Negative Control |
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
0 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
0/10 |
|
Description of key information
Two eight day dietary studies in mallard duck and bobwhite quail are available performed with the monosodium salt of cyanuric acid.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for birds:
- 10 000 mg/kg food
Additional information
Mallard ducks were exposed to 464, 1000, 2150, 4640 and 10000 ppm nominal concentrations for 5 days and then observed for an additional three days. Negative controls were exposed to a basal diet only. Monosodium cyanurate did not cause any symptoms of toxicity or behavioural abnormalities at the dosage levels tested. There was no mortality at any dosage level, with the exception of an incidental death in the 2150 ppm dosage level. In another study bobwhite quail were exposed to 464, 1000, 2150, 4640 and 10000 ppm dietary concentrations of monosodium cyanurate for 5 days and then observed for an additional three days. Negative controls were exposed to a basal diet only. Monosodium cyanurate did not cause symptoms of the toxicity or behavioural abnormalities at the dosage levels tested. There was no mortality at any dosage level.
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