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EC number: 223-264-0 | CAS number: 3792-50-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-08-15 to 2017-08-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 23rd March 2006, corrected 28 July 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 01 March 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II) (January 2012)
- Version / remarks:
- April 1996
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: six replicate samples (5 mL per replicate) were taken from the test solution (100 mg/L) and from the control at the start and at the end of the test
- Sampling method: HPLC method with UV detection
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: No storage - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The test solution used in the test was prepared by mechanical dispersion without using of any solubilising agent. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: 61.81 SAG (identical strains: CCAP 278/4; UTEX 1648; ATCC 22662)
- Source: SAG: Collection of Algal Cultures, Inst. Plant Physiology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum: 4 days
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Test temperature:
- The temperature in the flask was in the range of 22.9 – 23.6 °C and within the climate chamber between 22.2 and 24.0 °C.
- pH:
- 8.01 – 8.94
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
Calculated geometric mean measured concentrations: 1.77, 2.48, 3.52, 4.99 and 7.11 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Material, size, fill volume: Glass, ~250 mL volume, 100 mL test medium
- Aeration: No
- Initial cells density: N = 1 × 10E4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 93.50 × 10E4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes, OECD Medium
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted algal growth medium (OECD medium, according to OECD 201) was used as dilution water. Separate stock solutions were prepared in deionised water (prepared in TOXI-COOP ZRT. by MILLIPORE Direct-Q 5 water purification system). Then, the growth medium was prepared by adding an appropriate volume of these different stock solutions to deionised water in order to achieve the final concentrations.
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: No
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 7990 lux, fluorescent lamps (400-700 nm)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: At 24, 48 and 72 h manual cell counting using microscope with counting chamber
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Statistical comparisons of average specific growth rates and yield in control and in treated group were carried out using Independent Samples T-Test (2-tailed; α = 0.05) by SPSS software. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 6.62 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 5.95 – 7.67
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 9.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 8.04 – 12.13
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16.47 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated value for anhydrous substance
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18.39 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 13.79 – 30.25
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated value for anhydrous substance
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.52 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.99 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 3.66 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 2.77 – 4.34
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 4.88 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 4.08 – 5.88
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.44 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conf. limits: 6.77 – 13.23
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.52 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.99 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: Yes
- Observation of abnormalities: No
- Unusual cell shape: Some swollen cells were noticed in the 2.48 mg/L concentration (measured). Swollen and thin cells were observed in the concentrations of 3.52, 4.99 and 7.11 mg/L mg/L (measured) together with the normal cells during the test.
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: Yes
- ErC50 = 0.99 mg/L; EyC50 = 0.59 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical procedure for ErCx (growth rate) and for EyCx (yield) estimation for Growth rates: Probit analysis, Pearson Goodness-of-Fit Test.
Statistical procedure for NOEC estimation: Dunnett´s test - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201, Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009 C.3 and EPA OPPTS 850.5400. The EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 18.39 mg/L and 8.44 mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-values for both inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 3.52 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h EC50 and 72-h NOEC (growth rate) for the anhydrous substance was calculated to be EC50 = 16.47 mg/L and NOEC = 3.15 mg/L. In conclusion, L-aspartic acid sodium salt monohydrate had significant toxic effects on the growth of Raphidocelis subcapitata.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the hydrated test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly Raphidocelis subcapitata) was determined according to the principles of OECD 201, Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009 C.3 and EPA OPPTS 850.5400. The study was conducted in compliance with GLP criteria and under static conditions. The definitive test was carried out at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/L because of the results of the pretest. The corresponsing measured concentrations were 1.77, 2.48, 3.52, 4.99 and 7.11 mg/L. In this study, the test item was found to inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours with the following effect values (based on geometric means of measured test item concentrations): The EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 18.39 mg/L (95% conf. limits: 13.79 – 30.25) and 8.44. (95% conf. limits: 6.77 – 13.23 ), respectively. The EC-10-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were 6.62 mg/L (95% conf. limits: 5.95 – 7.67) and 3.66 (95% conf. limits: 2.77 – 4.34), respectively. The NOEC-values for both inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours were 3.52 mg/L. The 72-h EC50 and 72-h NOEC (growth rate) for the anhydrous substance was calculated to be EC50 = 16.47 mg/L and NOEC = 3.15 mg/L. In conclusion, L-aspartic acid sodium salt monohydrate had significant toxic effects on the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. All validity criteria were met, therefore, the study is considered as valid.
Reference
Table 1: Algal cell number (× 104cell/mL)during the test period of 72 hours and Yield
Concentration |
|
Number of Cells (× 104/mL) |
Yield |
||||
nominal |
measured |
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
||
Untreated control |
Not detected |
|
1 |
4 |
19 |
93 |
92 |
|
1 |
4 |
19 |
87 |
86 |
||
|
1 |
4 |
24 |
104 |
103 |
||
|
1 |
5 |
26 |
97 |
96 |
||
|
1 |
4 |
23 |
96 |
95 |
||
|
1 |
3 |
16 |
84 |
83 |
||
Mean |
1.00 |
4.00 |
21.17 |
93.50 |
92.50 |
||
SD |
0.00 |
0.63 |
3.76 |
7.23 |
7.23 |
||
6.25 |
1.77 |
|
1 |
4 |
15 |
87 |
86 |
|
1 |
5 |
21 |
92 |
91 |
||
|
1 |
4 |
19 |
91 |
90 |
||
Mean |
1.00 |
4.33 |
18.33 |
90.00 |
89.00 |
||
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
3.06 |
2.65 |
2.65 |
||
12.5 |
2.48 |
|
1 |
5 |
24 |
97 |
96 |
|
1 |
4 |
20 |
90 |
89 |
||
|
1 |
5 |
23 |
95 |
94 |
||
Mean |
1.00 |
4.67 |
22.33 |
94.00 |
93.00 |
||
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
2.08 |
3.61 |
3.61 |
||
25 |
3.52 |
|
1 |
5 |
18 |
88 |
87 |
|
1 |
4 |
23 |
87 |
86 |
||
|
1 |
5 |
16 |
93 |
92 |
||
Mean |
1.00 |
4.67 |
19.00 |
89.33 |
88.33 |
||
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
3.61 |
3.21 |
3.21 |
||
50 |
4.99 |
|
1 |
3 |
23 |
85 |
84 |
|
1 |
4 |
18 |
62 |
61 |
||
|
1 |
3 |
19 |
78 |
77 |
||
Mean |
1.00 |
3.33 |
20.00 |
75.00 |
74.00 |
||
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
2.65 |
11.79 |
11.79 |
||
100 |
7.11 |
|
1 |
4 |
21 |
52 |
51 |
|
1 |
4 |
24 |
56 |
55 |
||
|
1 |
4 |
25 |
51 |
50 |
||
Mean |
1.00 |
4.00 |
23.33 |
53.00 |
52.00 |
||
SD |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.08 |
2.65 |
2.65 |
Table 2: The specific Growth Rates during the test period of 72 hours
Concentration |
|
Growth Rates (µ) |
|||
nominal |
measured |
0 – 24 h |
0 – 48 h |
0 – 72 h |
|
Untreated control |
Not detected |
|
0.0578 |
0.0613 |
0.0630 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0613 |
0.0620 |
||
|
0.0578 |
0.0662 |
0.0645 |
||
|
0.0671 |
0.0679 |
0.0635 |
||
|
0.0578 |
0.0653 |
0.0634 |
||
|
0.0458 |
0.0578 |
0.0615 |
||
Mean |
0.0573 |
0.0633 |
0.0630 |
||
SD |
0.0068 |
0.0038 |
0.0011 |
||
6.25 |
1.77 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0564 |
0.0620 |
|
0.0671 |
0.0634 |
0.0628 |
||
|
0.0578 |
0.0613 |
0.0627 |
||
Mean |
0.0609 |
0.0604 |
0.0625 |
||
SD |
0.0054 |
0.0036 |
0.0004 |
||
12.5 |
2.48 |
|
0.0671 |
0.0662 |
0.0635 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0624 |
0.0625 |
||
|
0.0671 |
0.0653 |
0.0632 |
||
Mean |
0.0640 |
0.0646 |
0.0631 |
||
SD |
0.0054 |
0.0020 |
0.0005 |
||
25 |
3.52 |
|
0.0671 |
0.0602 |
0.0622 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0653 |
0.0620 |
||
|
0.0671 |
0.0578 |
0.0630 |
||
Mean |
0.0640 |
0.0611 |
0.0624 |
||
SD |
0.0054 |
0.0039 |
0.0005 |
||
50 |
4.99 |
|
0.0458 |
0.0653 |
0.0617 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0602 |
0.0573 |
||
|
0.0458 |
0.0613 |
0.0605 |
||
Mean |
0.0498 |
0.0623 |
0.0598 |
||
SD |
0.0069 |
0.0027 |
0.0023 |
||
100 |
7.11 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0634 |
0.0549 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0662 |
0.0559 |
||
|
0.0578 |
0.0671 |
0.0546 |
||
Mean |
0.0578 |
0.0656 |
0.0551 |
||
SD |
0.0000 |
0.0019 |
0.0007 |
Table 3: Growth Rates (µ) and percentage inhibition of µ during the test period
Concentration |
Growth Rates (µ)and % Inhibition ofµ |
||||||
nominal |
measured |
0–24 h |
0–48 h |
0–72 h |
|||
µ |
% |
µ |
% |
µ |
% |
||
Untreated control |
Not detected |
0.0573 |
– |
0.0633 |
– |
0.0630 |
– |
6.25 |
1.77 |
0.0609 |
-6.2 |
0.0604 |
4.6 |
0.0625 |
0.8 |
12.5 |
2.48 |
0.0640 |
-11.6 |
0.0646 |
-2.1 |
0.0631 |
-0.2 |
25 |
3.52 |
0.0640 |
-11.6 |
0.0611 |
3.5 |
0.0624 |
1.0 |
50 |
4.99 |
0.0498 |
13.2 |
0.0623 |
1.6 |
0.0598 |
5.0 |
100 |
7.11 |
0.0578 |
-0.8 |
0.0656 |
-3.6 |
0.0551 |
12.5 |
Table 4: Yield (y) and percentage inhibition of y during the test period
Concentration |
Yield y and % Inhibition of y |
||
nominal |
measured |
0–72 h |
|
y |
% |
||
Untreated control |
Not detected |
92.50 |
– |
6.25 |
1.77 |
89.00 |
3.8 |
12.5 |
2.48 |
93.00 |
-0.5 |
25 |
3.52 |
88.33 |
4.5 |
50 |
4.99 |
74.00 |
20.0 |
100 |
7.11 |
52.00 |
43.8 |
Table 5: The section-by-section specific growth rates in the control cultures
Section-by-Section Growth Rate |
|||
Expressed in hours |
0-24 h |
24-48 h |
48-72 h |
0.0573 |
0.0693 |
0.0624 |
|
Expressed in days |
0-1 day |
1-2 day |
2-3 day |
1.3755 |
1.6633 |
1.4966 |
Table 6: Morphological changes of algal cells
Concentration[mg/L] |
Symptoms |
|||
nominal |
measured |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
Untreated control |
Not detected |
normal cells |
normal cells |
normal cells |
6.25 |
1.77 |
normal cells |
normal cells |
normal cells |
12.5 |
2.48 |
normal cells |
normal cells |
normal cells |
25 |
3.52 |
normal cells |
normal cells |
normal cells |
swollen cells |
||||
thin cells |
||||
50 |
4.99 |
normal cells |
normal cells |
normal cells |
swollen cells |
swollen cells |
|||
|
thin cells |
|||
100 |
7.11 |
normal cells
|
normal cells |
normal cells |
swollen cells |
swollen cells |
|||
|
thin cells |
Description of key information
In a growth inhibition test with freshwater algae, conducted according to OECD TG 201, EU Method C.3 and OPPTS 850.5400, the EC50-values (hydrated substance) for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 18.39 mg/L and 8.44 mg/L, respectively (reference 6.1.5 -1). The NOEC-value (hydrated substance) for both inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours was 3.52 mg/L, respectively. The 72-h EC50 and 72-h NOEC (growth rate) for the anhydrous substance was calculated to be EC50 = 16.47 mg/L and NOEC = 3.15 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 16.47 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 3.15 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the hydrated test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerlyRaphidocelis subcapitata) was determined according to the principles of OECD 201, EU Method C.3 and EPA OPPTS 850.5400 (reference 6.1.5 -1). The study was conducted in compliance with GLP criteria and under static conditions. The definitive test was carried out with at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/L based on the results of a preliminary study. Biological results are based on the geometric mean of corresponding measured concentrations of 1.77, 2.48, 3.52, 4.99 and 7.11 mg/L. The EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were 18.39 mg/L (95% conf. limits: 13.79 – 30.25) and 8.44. (95% conf. limits: 6.77 – 13.23 ), respectively. The EC-10-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC10) and yield (EyC10) after 72 hours were 6.62 mg/L (95% conf. limits: 5.95 – 7.67) and 3.66 (95% conf. limits: 2.77 – 4.34), respectively. The NOEC-value for both inhibition of growth rate and yield after 72 hours was 3.52 mg/L. The 72-h EC50 and 72-h NOEC (growth rate) for the anhydrous substance was calculated to be EC50 = 16.47 mg/L and NOEC = 3.15 mg/L. All validity criteria were met, therefore, the study is considered as valid.
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