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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 218-427-8 | CAS number: 2150-46-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Skin permeation and comparative evaluation of gentisic acid ester derivatives as skin-lightening agents
- Author:
- Nan Shun Ma, Marion Abraham, Myeong Jun Choi, Jung Sun Kim
- Year:
- 2 014
- Bibliographic source:
- J. DRUG DEL. SCI. TECH., 24 (2) 212-217 2014
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Permeation through freshly excised mouse skin as tested in Franz diffusion cells at 37 °C for 12 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
- EC Number:
- 218-427-8
- EC Name:
- Methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
- Cas Number:
- 2150-46-1
- Molecular formula:
- C8H8O4
- IUPAC Name:
- methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- Synthesized by the authors of the publication. Identity confirmed by NMR and IR and melting point (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (MG)
m.p.: 85-87 °C (lit.: 84-86 °C); 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ: 4.84(s, 3H), 6.80(d, 1H), 6.96(dd, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H); IR (KBr): 3338.36 cm-1 (O-H), 1685.26 cm-1 (C=O).
The product was purified by evaporation of the solvent, extraction with ethyl acetate, water and small aliquots of aqueous sodium bicarbonate until no gentisic acid was visible in the organic phase by thin layer chromatography. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuum. A specific value for the purity was not reported in the publication.
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Temperature stability profiles of solutions of gentisic acid esters were determined over a time range of 12 h at 37 °C. No degradation of any gentisic acid analogues tested was observed within this time. Thus, the gentisic acid esters were stable at 37 °C for at least 12 h.
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- none provided
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- water
- Duration of exposure:
- 12h
- Doses:
- supersaturated solution in water (Water solubility 27 mg/L)
- No. of animals per group:
- no data
- Details on study design:
- Samples were collected after 1, 2, 4,6, 8, 10 and 12 hours
- Details on in vitro test system (if applicable):
- SKIN PREPARATION
- Source of skin: mouse, freshly excised
- Type of skin: no data
- Preparative technique: no data
- Thickness of skin (in mm): no data
- Membrane integrity check: no data
- Storage conditions: not applicable
- Justification of species, anatomical site and preparative technique:
PRINCIPLES OF ASSAY
- Diffusion cell: Franz Cell
- Receptor fluid: 40 % (v/v) propylene glycol in buffered saline (PBS)
- Solubility od test substance in receptor fluid: soluble
- Static system: yes
- Test temperature: 37°C
- Occlusion: covered with parafilm
Results and discussion
Percutaneous absorption
- Parameter:
- rate
- Remarks:
- 232 μg/cm2/h with lag time of 2.6 hours
- Remarks on result:
- other: linear increase in cumulative amount over 12hours
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- CAS 2150-46-1 permeates the skin.
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