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EC number: 266-113-4 | CAS number: 66071-94-1 Substance obtained by the partial removal of water from the liquid resulting from steeping corn in a water and sulphur dioxide solution which is allowed to ferment by the action of naturally occurring lactic acid-producing microorganisms.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.004 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 0.035 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 9.95 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.013 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.001 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.001 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
PNEC water(freshwater)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
||||
PNEC water (freshwater) |
0.0035 mg/L |
1000 |
Based on the results of short-term toxicity studies with aquatic organisms |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008)is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of short-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.
It is not possible to calculate the PNEC water for Corn Steep Liquor due to the lack of data.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available on Lactic acid, a major component of CSL. The most critical short-term result is the 70 hours ErC50 on Algae, 3.5 mg/L. Therefore, it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 3.5 mg/L as the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 1000 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.0035 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/1000 = 0.0035 mg/L
PNEC water (marine water)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC water (marine water) |
0.00035 mg/L |
10000 |
Based on the results of short-term toxicity studies with aquatic organisms |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of short-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.
It is not possible to calculate the PNEC water for Corn Steep Liquor due to the lack of data.
The data set does not include test data on marine water species but short-term results on freshwater species representing three trophic levels (fish, daphnia and algae) are available on Lactic acid, a major component of CSL. Therefore, in absence of data on saltwater species the PNEC for aquatic organisms can be used for both, freshwater and marine environments and divided by the appropriate assessment factor. The most critical short-term result is the 70 hours ErC50 on Algae, 3.5 mg/L. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider 3.5 mg/L as the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 10000 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is used, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.00035 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/10000 = 0.00035 mg/L
PNEC water (intermittent release)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC water (intermittent release) |
0.035 mg/L |
100 |
Based on the results of short-term toxicity studies with aquatic organisms |
The general principle given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the PNEC-values derived for freshwater or marine waters are based on the implicit assumption that the environmental exposure is constant. However, in many cases, discharges will be limited in time. In such cases, the environmental exposure will also be limited in time, and it is assumed that when exposure stops rapidly, populations can tolerate higher concentrations than when it is long lasting.
It is not possible to calculate the PNEC water for Corn Steep Liquor due to the lack of data.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available on Lactic acid, a major component of CSL. The most critical short-term toxicity result is the 70 hours ErC50 on Algae, 3.5 mg/L. Therefore, it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 3.5 mg/L as the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 100 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.035 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/100 = 0.035 mg/L
PNEC Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) |
9.95 mg/L |
10 |
Based on the results of a ready biodegradability test |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor.
The PNEC is derived from the available ready biodegradation test run on the substance Corn Steep Liquor. An assessment factor (AF) of 10 is applied to the test concentration of 99.5 mg/L at which no toxicity to the inoculum is observed, obtaining a PNEC for microorganisms of 9.95 mg/L.
PNEC microorganisms = test concentration with no toxicity /10 = 9.95 mg/L
PNEC sediment (freshwater)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC sediment (freshwater) |
0.013 mg/kg |
Not applicable |
Equilibrium partitioning |
It is not possible to calculate the PNEC sediment for Corn Steep Liquor due to the complex composition of the UVCB substance.
An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed on lactic acid, a major component of CSL, according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksusp-water = 0.94 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.0035 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6 (according to EUSES2.1)
Hence:
PNECsediment wet = (0.94 / 1150) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.0029 mg/kg
PNECsediment dry = 0.0029 * 4.6 = 0.013 mg/kg
PNEC sediment (marine water)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC sediment (marine water) |
0.0013 mg/kg |
Not applicable |
Equilibrium partitioning |
It is not possible to calculate the PNEC sediment for Corn Steep Liquor due to the complex composition of the UVCB substance.
An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed on lactic acid, a major component of CSL, according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksusp-water = 0.94 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [marine] = 0.00035 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6 (according to EUSES2.1)
Hence:
PNECsediment = (0.94 / 1150) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.00029 mg/kg
PNECsediment dry = 0.00029 * 4.6 = 0.0013 mg/kg
PNEC soil
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC soil |
0.00058 mg/kg |
Not applicable |
Equilibrium partitioning |
It is not possible to calculate the PNEC soil for Corn Steep Liquor due to the complex composition of the UVCB substance.
An estimation of the PNECsoil can be performed on lactic acid, a major component of CSL, according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNECsoil = (Ksoil-water / RHOsoil) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksoil-water = 0.248 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsoil = 1700 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.0035 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry soil = 1.13 (according to EUSES2.1)
Hence:
PNECsoil wet = (0.248 / 1700) * PNECwater * 1000 = 0.00051 mg/kg
PNECsoil dry = 0.00051 * 1.13 = 0.00058 mg/kg
PNEC oral
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC oral |
-- |
-- |
Not relevant |
It is not possible to calculate the PNEC oral for Corn Steep Liquor due to the lack of data, however the substance has no potential to cause toxic effects and there are no indications that it bioaccumulates in higher organisms. Based on the low bioaccumulation potential and its ready biodegradability secondary poisoning is not regarded as relevant.
Conclusion on classification
Not classified for environmental hazards
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