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EC number: 273-749-6 | CAS number: 69012-50-6 Product of blowing smelted nickel ore in a converter to lower the iron content.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards, well documented and acceptable for assessment.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- other: Leaching of nickel matte samples in syntethic biological fluids (termed bioaccessibility).
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In situations where the bioavailability of a metal substance is not known or not feasible to determine experimentally, the amount of ion “available for absorption” may be measured using in vitro methods. In this application the dissolution (e.g., elution or extraction) of metal ion from surrogate (synthetic) tissue fluids is measured. The resultant value is termed bioaccessibility and is defined as the amount of a substance (e.g., metal ion) available for absorption. This report measured bioaccessibility of nickel matte samples as a surrogate for bioavailability.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Matte, nickel
- EC Number:
- 273-749-6
- EC Name:
- Matte, nickel
- Cas Number:
- 69012-50-6
- Molecular formula:
- Not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Nickel matte
- Details on test material:
- Composition(s) tested:
Nickel Sulphidic Matte with Copper >8% (including Cobalt 0.1 -<1%) [Results also apply to: Nickel Sulphidic Matte with Copper >8% (including Cobalt ≥1 - <3%)]
Nickel Sulphidic Matte (including Cobalt 0.1 -<1%) [Results also apply to: Nickel Sulphidic Matte (including Cobalt ≥1 - <3%)]
Nickel Metallic Matte (including Cobalt ≥3%) [Results also apply to: Nickel Metallic Matte (including Cobalt 0.1 -<1%) and Nickel Metallic Matte (including Cobalt ≥1 - <3%)]
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- other: not applicable
- Strain:
- other: not applicable
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Not applicable
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: not applicable
- Vehicle:
- other: not applicable
- Details on exposure:
- Not applicable
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Not applicable
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Not applicable
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- Not applicable
- Control animals:
- other: not applicable
- Positive control reference chemical:
- Not applicable
- Details on study design:
- For each matte group tested the methods utilized included:
Gastric fluid:
Each extraction was performed using 0.1 gram of sample in 50 ml of Simulated Gastric Fluid (pH < 1.5). Samples were weighed into acid washed 250 ml amber Erlenmeyer flasks. Gastric Fluid was added to the flasks and they were then swirled to mix compound and fluid. The pH was checked for each solution and adjusted if necessary with 2N HCl.
The opening of the flasks were covered with parafilm and aluminum foil. The flasks were then placed in a preheated 37° C reciprocal shaker bath. The samples were allowed to shake for the required extraction times. Once complete, the solutions were removed from the bath. The pH was checked and the solutions were filtered through a 0.45 um filter. The filtrates were collected in 8 oz. disposable plastic bottles and kept in a 35° C incubator until analyzed.
Alveolar fluid:
Each extraction was performed using 0.1 gram of sample in 50 ml of Simulated Alveolar Fluid (pH = 7.4 + 0.2). Samples were weighed into acid washed 250 ml amber Erlenmeyer flasks. Simulated Alveolar Fluid was added to the flasks and they were then swirled to mix compound and fluid. The pH was checked for
each solution and adjusted if necessary with 2N HCl or 1N NaOH. To keep the extraction pH at 7.4, 5% CO2 in Nitrogen was bubbled into the solution at a rate of 50 cc/min. The bubbling solutions were placed in a preheated 37° C
reciprocal shaker bath. The samples were bubbled and allowed to shake for the required extraction times. Once complete, the solutions were removed from the bath. The pH was checked and the solutions were filtered through a 0.45 um filter. The filtrates were collected in 8 g disposable plastic bottles and kept in a 35° C incubator until analyzed.
Artificial Perspiration:
Each extraction was performed using 0.1 gram sample in 50 ml of Artificial Perspiration (pH = 6.5 + 0.1). Samples were weighed into acid washed 250 ml amber Erlenmeyer flasks. Perspiration was added to the flasks and they were then swirled to mix compounds and fluid. The pH was checked for each solution and adjusted if necessary with 2N HCl or 1 N NaOH. The opening of the flasks were covered with parafilm and aluminum foil. The flasks were then placed in a preheated 37° C water bath. No shaking was performed. Once the extraction time was complete, the solutions were removed from the bath. The pH was checked and the solutions were filtered through a 0.45 um filter. The filtrates were collected in 8 oz. disposable plastic bottles and kept in a 35° C incubator until analyzed. - Details on dosing and sampling:
- Not applicable
- Statistics:
- Not applicable
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- Not applicable
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Not applicable
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- Not applicable
- Details on excretion:
- Not applicable
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
- Details on metabolites:
- Not applicable
Any other information on results incl. tables
Data on elemental content percent release over time (range of 2-72 hours) in various in synthetic biological fluids for each nickel matte type (assessed at 2 gram/liter) are listed in the following tables.
Table68. Results of bioaccessibility studies ona representative sample from theNickel Matte (sulphidic high-copper) group
% Release in Artificial Gastric Fluid |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
3.0 |
4.5 |
29.1 |
37.3 |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
3.0 |
5.6 |
29.3 |
38.2 |
Copper |
0.37 |
0.22 |
0.01 |
0.06 |
Copper (duplicate) |
0.36 |
0.21 |
0.02 |
0.06 |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
1.2 |
1.9 |
14.2 |
28.7 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
1.0 |
2.2 |
14.9 |
27.7 |
% Release in Artificial Alveolar Fluid |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Copper |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Copper (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.04 |
% Release in Artificial Perspiration |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
- |
- |
0.93 |
1.7 |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
- |
- |
0.85 |
1.7 |
Copper |
0.03 |
0.07 |
0.15 |
0.38 |
Copper (duplicate) |
0.02 |
0.06 |
0.15 |
0.38 |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
0.04 |
0.06 |
0.25 |
0.90 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
0.04 |
0.06 |
0.25 |
0.92 |
Table69. Results of bioaccessibility studies on a representative sample from theNickel Matte (sulphidic low-copper) group
% Release in Artificial Gastric Fluid |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
3.0 |
4.5 |
29.1 |
37.3 |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
3.0 |
5.6 |
29.3 |
38.2 |
Copper |
0.37 |
0.22 |
0.01 |
0.06 |
Copper (duplicate) |
0.36 |
0.21 |
0.02 |
0.06 |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
3.1 |
9.6 |
23.3 |
41.5 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
3.3 |
9.8 |
24.3 |
43.5 |
% Release in Artificial Alveolar Fluid |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Copper |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Copper (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
- |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
0.01 |
- |
0.01 |
0.01 |
% Release in Artificial Perspiration |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
- |
- |
0.43 |
0.48 |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
- |
- |
0.48 |
0.60 |
Copper |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Copper (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.13 |
0.37 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.14 |
0.41 |
Table70. Results of bioaccessibility studies on a representative sample from the Nickel Matte (metallic) group
% Release in Artificial Gastric Fluid |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
3.0 |
6.4 |
46.7 |
101.3 |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
3.2 |
6.5 |
46.5 |
98.2 |
Copper |
1.1 |
0.77 |
0.48 |
0.67 |
Copper (duplicate) |
1.2 |
0.82 |
0.51 |
0.67 |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
9.8 |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
9.8 |
Nickel |
1.9 |
4.9 |
26.7 |
77.8 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
2.3 |
5.7 |
26.5 |
77.0 |
% Release in Artificial Alveolar Fluid |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Copper |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Copper (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
- |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
- |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
% Release in Artificial Perspiration |
||||
Element |
2 hr |
5 hr |
24 hr |
72 hr |
Cobalt |
- |
- |
0.25 |
0.83 |
Cobalt (duplicate) |
- |
- |
0.22 |
0.75 |
Copper |
- |
- |
0.13 |
0.13 |
Copper (duplicate) |
- |
- |
0.15 |
0.15 |
Arsenic |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arsenic (duplicate) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nickel |
0.02 |
0.06 |
0.31 |
1.19 |
Nickel (duplicate) |
0.02 |
0.06 |
0.23 |
1.16 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): other: Data are available for toxicokinetic analysis of nickel mattes and read-across assessments to nickel and nickel-containing substances.
- Executive summary:
STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
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