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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 249-482-6 | CAS number: 29171-20-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- No data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study was not performed according to GLP. Study was similar to OECD417, metabolisation and enzyme induction were studied.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Metabolism of geraniol and linalool in the rat and effects on liver and lung microsomal enzymes
- Author:
- Chadha, A., Madhava Madyastha, K.
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Xenobiotica, 1984, vol 14, no 5, pp 365-374
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- other: metabolism and enzyme induction
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 417 (Toxicokinetics)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- only metabolism was studied
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Metabolites in urine were determined, as well as enzyme activities in lung and liver microsomes
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Linalool
- EC Number:
- 201-134-4
- EC Name:
- Linalool
- Cas Number:
- 78-70-6
- Molecular formula:
- C10H18O
- IUPAC Name:
- 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: IISC strain
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 160-200 g
- Housing: individually
- Individual metabolism cages: yes
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): free access to food
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): free access to water
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: 1% methyl cellulose soln.
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Suspension in 1% methyl cellulose soln.
DIET PREPARATION
VEHICLE
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 4 ml/kg
HOMOGENEITY AND STABILITY OF TEST MATERIAL:
Suspension - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Induction study: once daily for six days
Identification of metabolites: once daily for 20 days
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Induction study: 600 mg/kg bw
Identification of metabolites: 800 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- Not specified
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control reference chemical:
- Not relevant
- Details on study design:
- Not relevant
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- METABOLITE CHARACTERISATION STUDIES
- Tissues and body fluids sampled: urine
- Time and frequency of sampling: urine collected daily for 20 days following oral administration
- Method type(s) for identification: TLC on silica gel G-coated plates,GC, HPLC, and NMR
TREATMENT FOR CLEAVAGE OF CONJUGATES: Urine was acidified to pH 3-4 and extracted with ether. The aqueous portion containing conjugated metabolites was refluxed under acid conditions - Statistics:
- Not relevant
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- Not relevant
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Not relevant
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- Not relevant
- Details on excretion:
- Not relevant
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- The identified metabolites of linalool were 8-hydroxy linalool and 8-carboxy linalool (main metabolites). Several other (minor) metabolites could not be identified.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Administration of linalool to rats resulted in a statistically significant increase (~50%) in the concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the liver microsomes after three days of dosing. After six days, it had decreased to control values. No significant changes in the activities of cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase in the liver microsomes were observed after six days, however, an increase (~20%) in cytochrome b5 was noticed after three days of treatment.
No effects were observed on the activity of measured enzymes in the lung microsomes.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): other: Linalool is metabolised extensively
The metabolism of linalool after oral exposure to rats results in the metabolites 8-hydroxy linalool and 8-carboxy linalool, indicating that 8-hydroxylation (allylic hydroxylation) is the major pathway. Although liver-microsomal P450 enzymes were elevated after three days of treatment, it decreased to normal values after six days, therefore no conclusion can be drawn on the role of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism of linalool. Linalool did not affect any of the lung-microsomal parameters measured. - Executive summary:
In an induction experiment activities of lung- and liver-microsomal enzymes after six days of exposure to linalool (600 mg/kg bw/day) were measured.
The induction experiment showed that although liver-microsomal P450 enzymes were elevated after three days of treatment, it decreased to normal values after six days. Therefore no conclusion can be drawn on the role of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism of linalool. Furthermore, linalool did not affect any of the lung-microsomal parameters measured.
Metabolism was studied in urine obtained from male rats treated with 800 mg/kg bw/day for 20 days. In this experiment the metabolites 8-hydroxy linalool and 8-carboxy linalool were identified as major metabolites, indicating that 8-hydroxylation is the major pathway. In addition, several other metabolites were found, which could, however, not be identified.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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