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EC number: 205-861-8 | CAS number: 156-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1979
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Animals were analysed for micronuclei six hours after the last treatment. Only one dosage was tested.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 979
- Report date:
- 1979
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Animals were killed 6 hours after the last treatment; Only one dosage tested
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- micronucleus assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium cyanamide
- EC Number:
- 205-861-8
- EC Name:
- Calcium cyanamide
- Cas Number:
- 156-62-7
- Molecular formula:
- CN2.Ca
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium cyanoazanediide
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-138-9
- EC Name:
- Calcium oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1305-78-8
- Molecular formula:
- CaO
- IUPAC Name:
- oxocalcium
- Reference substance name:
- Carbon
- EC Number:
- 231-153-3
- EC Name:
- Carbon
- Cas Number:
- 7440-44-0
- Molecular formula:
- C
- IUPAC Name:
- carbon
- Reference substance name:
- Hematite (Fe2O3)
- EC Number:
- 215-275-4
- EC Name:
- Hematite (Fe2O3)
- Cas Number:
- 1317-60-8
- Molecular formula:
- Fe2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- diiron oxide
- Reference substance name:
- Urea
- EC Number:
- 200-315-5
- EC Name:
- Urea
- Cas Number:
- 57-13-6
- Molecular formula:
- CH4N2O
- IUPAC Name:
- urea
- Reference substance name:
- Silicon dioxide
- EC Number:
- 231-545-4
- EC Name:
- Silicon dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 7631-86-9
- Molecular formula:
- O2Si
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxosilane
- Reference substance name:
- Trisilicon tetranitride
- EC Number:
- 234-796-8
- EC Name:
- Trisilicon tetranitride
- Cas Number:
- 12033-89-5
- Molecular formula:
- N4Si3
- IUPAC Name:
- trisilicon tetranitride
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium dihydroxide
- EC Number:
- 215-137-3
- EC Name:
- Calcium dihydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 1305-62-0
- Molecular formula:
- CaH2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium dihydroxide
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-691-6
- EC Name:
- Aluminium oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1344-28-1
- Molecular formula:
- Al2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminium oxide
- Reference substance name:
- Cyanoguanidine
- EC Number:
- 207-312-8
- EC Name:
- Cyanoguanidine
- Cas Number:
- 461-58-5
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4N4
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-cyanoguanidine
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium acetylide
- EC Number:
- 200-848-3
- EC Name:
- Calcium acetylide
- Cas Number:
- 75-20-7
- Molecular formula:
- C2Ca
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium ethynediide
- Reference substance name:
- unknown
- IUPAC Name:
- unknown
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Kalkstickstoff (calcium cyanamide, technical grade)
Constituent 1
impurity 1
impurity 2
impurity 3
impurity 4
impurity 5
impurity 6
impurity 7
impurity 8
impurity 9
impurity 10
impurity 11
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Central Institute for the Breeding of Laboratory Animals TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Age at study initiation: 4-5 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: mean bodyweight for animals treated as Kalkstickstoff was 98 g for males and 82 g for females (animals of the water control: 99 g for males and 79 g for females)
- Assigned to test groups randomly: animals were assigned to groups according to bodyweight
- Fasting period before study: 14-15 hours
- Housing: screen-bottomed cages
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: yes; the duration of this period is not stated in the report
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 24°C ± 1°C
- Humidity (%): 40-60 %
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light / 12 hours dark
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: water
- Details on exposure:
- DIET PREPARATION
Aqueous solutions / suspensions of each of the test samples were administered twice with an interval of 24 hours by stomach tube at dose levels of 1/5 of the LD50 in 5 mL of water per kg body weight. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Animals were exposed twice at 153 mg/kg bw of test substance with an interval of 24 hours. The dose level used was based on the LD50 for rats (765 mg/kg bw).
- Frequency of treatment:
- Twice; with an interval of 24 hours
- Post exposure period:
- Animals were killed by decapitation 6 hours after the last treatment.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
153 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Only one dosage applied (corresponding to 1/5 of the LD50 value); 5 animals per sex
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- Trenimon
- Justification for choice of positive control(s): Trenimon is a well-known mutagen in rats
- Route of administration: intraperitoneal injection
- Doses / concentrations: 0.0625 mg/kg bw in physiological saline; administered twice with an interval of 24 hours
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- A total of 400 erythrocytes per slide were examined for the incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes and the ratio of poly- and normochromatic erythrocytes.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- The bone marrow of the femora was flushed into centrifuge tubes containing fetal calf serum and centrifuged. The cells were then resuspended by gentle mixing with a pasteur pipette. A drop of the solution was placed on a slide cleaned with methanol overnight and spread with a haemocytometer cover glass. Five slides were prepared for each animal. The smears were air-dried, fixed in methanol and stained according to May-Grünwald Giemsa.
- Evaluation criteria:
- No data
- Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- No mortality or abnormalities of condition or behaviour, attributable to treatment, were observed in any of the animals during the exposure period.
The incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes and the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes in the controls (water) and the test group (calcium cyanamide) were comparable.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mean numbers of micronucleated erythrocytes and percentage polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of rats after treatment with "Kalkstickstoff"
Type of treatment |
sex |
Mean incidence of micronucleated cells per 2000 erythrocytes per rat (range) |
Percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes ± SD |
Vehicle control |
male |
4.4 (2–7) |
74.2 ± 3.5 |
Kalkstickstoff |
5.2 (4–7) |
70.2 ± 7.5 |
|
Vehicle control |
female |
5.0 (2–8) |
63.8 ± 5.1 |
Kalkstickstoff |
4.8 (2–8) |
61.9 ± 2.0 |
|
Positive control: |
|||
Solvent |
male |
3.8 (2–8) |
69 |
Trenimon |
22.6 (20–26) |
42 |
|
Solvent |
female |
3.6 (3–5) |
70 |
Trenimon |
34.4 (27–38) |
46 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: negative
The results of the in vivo micronucleus test did not reveal any evidence for mutagenic activity of Kalkstickstoff in male or female rats. - Executive summary:
A study was conducted in order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Calcium Cyanamide technical grade (Kalkstickstoff) in the in vivo micronucleus assay.
Therefore, rats were treated twice at 153 mg/kg bw with an interval of 24 hours and were examined for the incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes and the ratio of poly- and normochromatic erythrocytes six hours after the last treatment.
No mortality or abnormalities of condition or behaviour, attributable to treatment, were observed in any of the animals during the exposure period. The incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes and the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes in the control and treated group were comparable. In contrast, the positive control Trenimon induced an increase in micronucleated erythrocytes and a decrease in the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes. Thus, no evidence for mutagenic activity was observed for Kalkstickstoff and it was therefore concluded that Kalkstickstoff was negative in the in vivo micronucleus assay under the conditions of the study.
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