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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-238-0 | CAS number: 10099-59-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
The extent to which bioaccumulation may occur depends on the bioavailability of lanthanum for uptake. Bioavailability is affected by the substance’s water solubility as well as by the characteristics of the receiving environmental compartment, determining lanthanum speciation. Because lanthanum speciation and bioavailability are expected to be similar after release of water soluble lanthanum compounds (e.g., lanthanum trinitrate, lanthanum trichloride and lanthanum acetate) to the environment, data from laboratory studies using any soluble lanthanum compounds were lumped for covering the endpoint. Similarly, data from field studies, in which lanthanum distribution between water and biota was studied, were added to the lumped dataset for covering the endpoint.
The available information on bioaccumulation of lanthanum in the aquatic and terrestrial foodchain was thoroughly studied, yielding the following conclusions:
- In the aquatic foodchain, lanthanum has clearly the potential to bioconcentrate/bioaccumulate in organisms from lower trophic levels, such as aquatic plants and invertebrates. However, the available information on fish, including valuable information from a microcosm experiment, indicate that bioaccumulation of lanthanum decreases when ascending the foodchain. The values obtained for fish were very low and indicate that lanthanum does certainly not biomagnify and has a limited potential for bioaccumulation at higher levels in the foodchain. There is evidence that lanthanum is essential for living organisms. As for many other metals (even non-essential metals), organisms are able to regulate metal uptake and retainment, and bioaccumulation is expected to be limited. Also, a concentration dependency may exist for bioaccumulation of lanthanum in aquatic organisms, showing increasing BCF/BAF values with decreasing environmental concentrations (down to background levels). Indeed, for several field studies in which lanthanum exposure was very low, quite high BCF/BAF values were observed for aquatic plants or invertebrates.
- Based on a selection of reviews on the transfer of lanthanum and other rare earths from soil to plants, it could further be concluded that there is no potential for bioaccumulation of lanthanum in the terrestrial foodchain, as all BSAF values were < 1. BSAF values for a sediment dwelling amphipod were also consistently below 1.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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