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EC number: 271-843-1 | CAS number: 68609-93-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From November 27, 2007 to November 29, 2007
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Controls: Negative control (i.e., dilution water) - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Cladoceran
- Source: Culture maintained by Wildlife International, Ltd., Easton, Maryland
- Age at study initiation : Neonates < 24 h at test start
- Adults: Five adult daphnids were used to supply neonates for the test. They were held for at least 20 d prior to collection of the juveniles for testing, and had each produced at least one previous brood. Adult daphnids in the culture had produced an average of at least 3 young/adult/d over the 7 d period prior the test. The adults showed no signs of disease or stress and no ephippia were produced during the holding period. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Observations of mortality, immobility and other signs of toxicity were made approximately 5, 24 and 48 h after test initiation.
- Hardness:
- 132 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20±1°C
- pH:
- 8.3-8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥7.9 mg/L (≥88% of saturation)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 3.8, 7.5, 15, 30 and 45 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass beakers
- Depth: 7.8 cm
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 daphnids per test chamber
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Water obtained from a well approximately 40 meters deep located on the Wildlife International, Ltd. site
- Well water: Moderately-hard water
- Filtration: The well water was passed through a sand filter to remove particles greater than approximately 25 µm, and pumped into a 37,800 L storage tan where the water was aerated with spray nozzles. Prior to use, the water was filtered to 0.45 µm to remove fine particles.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS (during the 2-week period preceding the test)
- Water temperature: From 20±1°C (i.e., measured with a hand-held liquid-in-glass thermometer)
- pH: From 8.3-8.5 (i.e., measured with a Thermo Orion Model 525Aplus meter)
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations: ≥7.9 mg/L (≥88% of saturation) (i.e., measured with a Thermo Orion Model 850Aplus dissolved oxygen meter)
- Photoperiod: 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. a 30 minute transition period of low light intensity was provided at the beginning and end of the 16 h light period.
- Light intensity: 395 lux (i.e., measured using a SPER Scientific Model 840006C light meter)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: A stock solution was prepared at a nominal concentration of 60 mg/L by mixing a calulcated amount of test substance into dilution water. The stock solution was mixed by inversion. Aliquots of the 60 mg/L stock solution were proportionally diluted with well water to prepare 500 mL of test solution at nominal concentrations of 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/L.
- After mixing: All test solutions appeared clear and colorless. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality/immobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 6.6 to 11 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 4.56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality/immobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 3.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality/immobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality/immobility
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The nonlinear interpolation and probit analysis were used to calculate the 24 and 48 h EC50 values, respectively.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 value of the test substance to D. magna, was determined to be 8.6 mg/L (i.e. ca. 4.56 mg a.i./L). The 48 h NOEC was <3.8 mg/L (i.e. ca. 2.0 mg a.i./L) (nominal).
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance (purity 53%) to Daphnia magna, according to OECD Guideline 202 and EPA OPPTS 850.1010, in compliance with GLP. No analytical determination of concentration levels was carried out. Observations of mortality and other signs of toxicity were noted approximately 5, 24 and 48 h after test initiation. Percent mortality/immobility in the 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/L treatment groups were 45, 80, 95 and 100%, respectively. Results were presented as nominal concentrations. Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 value of the test substance to Daphnia magna, was determined to be 8.6 mg/L (i.e. ca. 4.56 mg a.i./L). The 48 h NOEC was <3.8 mg/L (i.e. ca. 2.0 mg a.i./L) (nominal) (Minderhout, 2008).
Reference
Cumulative mortality, immobility and observations
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) | Replicate | Daphnia/Replicate | 5 h | 24 h | 48 h | Percent Immobile and Dead | ||||||
Number Dead1 | Number Immobile | Effects2 | Number Dead | Number Immobile | Effects | Number Dead | Number Immobile | Effects | ||||
Negative Control | A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 |
B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 9 AN; 1 C | ||
3.8 | A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 1 | 9 AN | 10 |
B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 1 | 9 AN | ||
7.5 | A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 5 | 5 AN | 45 |
B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 4 | 6 AN | ||
15 | A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 8 | 2 AN | 80 |
B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 1 | 7 | 1 AN; 1 C | ||
30 | A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 4 AN; 6 C | 10 | 0 | -- | 95 |
B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 0 | 5 AN; 5 C | 9 | 0 | 1 C | ||
60 | A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 6 | 4 C | 10 | 0 | -- | 100 |
B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 AN | 0 | 8 | 2 C | 10 | 0 | -- | ||
1 | Cumulative number of dead fish | |||||||||||
2 | Observations: AN = appear normal; C = lethargy |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 4.56 mg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance (purity 53%) to Daphnia magna, according to OECD Guideline 202 and EPA OPPTS 850.1010, in compliance with GLP. No analytical determination of concentration levels was carried out. Observations of mortality and other signs of toxicity were noted approximately 5, 24 and 48 h after test initiation. Percent mortality/immobility in the 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/L treatment groups were 45, 80, 95 and 100%, respectively. Results were presented as nominal concentrations. Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 value of the test substance to Daphnia magna, was determined to be 8.6 mg/L (i.e. ca. 4.56 mg a.i./L). The 48 h NOEC was <3.8 mg/L (i.e. ca. 2.0 mg a.i./L) (nominal) (Minderhout, 2008).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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