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EC number: 309-984-9 | CAS number: 101896-26-8 A residue from the distillation of crude benzole to remove benzole fronts. Composed primarily of benzene, toluene and xylenes boiling in the range of approximately 75°C to 200°C (167°F to 392°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 07 May – 19 Jun. 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
- Report date:
- 2008
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Closed test system: water-accommodated fractions (WAF) and the biological test were conducted under closed conditions
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Distillates (coal tar), benzole fraction
- EC Number:
- 283-482-7
- EC Name:
- Distillates (coal tar), benzole fraction
- Cas Number:
- 84650-02-2
- IUPAC Name:
- 84650-02-2
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): light oil
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not applicable
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): not applicable
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: liquid
- Stability under test conditions: WAF (water accommodated fraction) limited
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, exclusion of light
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples for TOC-analysis were taken at 0 h and 48 h
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) prepared by stirring various amounts of the test item in Daphnia-medium
for 24 h with magnetic stirrers. The WAFs were prepared in closed glass beakers (decanter flasks of 2.5 L with screw caps).
The headspace: water ratio was low ( ~ 0.1): The water level was close to the glass fold, i.e. the upper edge of the vertical water column.
(note: The relatively high water volume allowed to weigh 1 mg/L without technical problems.)
The beakers were equipped with a glass tube that allowed the separation of the water phase by siphoning.
The test loadings of coal tar were weighed on microscope slides, that afterwards were placed into the glass beakers.
The beakers were then filled with Daphnia-medium.
Mixing was carried out at a speed that was slow enough not to cause dispersion or emulsification of the undissolved fraction
of the test item. To ensure this, the vortex developed at the surface by stirring was set at ~ 10 % of the water depth.
After stirring for 24 h, the WAFs were allowed to stand for 1 h before use to facilitate phase separation.
The test vessels were closed immediately following transfer of the WAFs.
The extracts gained with this method were clear.
- Differential loading: control, 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 25 mg/L
- Controls: without test material (blank; Daphnia medium)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): none
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia
- Strain: --
- Source: origin German Environmental Ministry
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): =< 24 h
- Method of breeding: The animals are cultivated in a climate-controlled room (light/dark = 14 h/10 h; illumination: Gro-Lux fluorescent tubes).
- Feeding during test
- Food type: The animals are fed with algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus)
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- see data under "salinity"
- Test temperature:
- 19.8 – 20.2 °C (20 °C ± 2 °C)
- pH:
- 7.9 - 8.2 at 0, 24 and 48 h
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.9 - 8.3 mg/L at 0, 24 and 48 h
- Salinity:
- The total of Ca- and Mg-ions was 2.5 mmol/L, the ratio of Ca/Mg was 4:1, the ratio of Na/K was 10:1. The total alkalinity of the solution was 0.8 mmol/L, the pH-value was 7.8 ± 0.2.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Main test series:
Time [h] Control 1 mg/L 5 mg/L 25 mg/L (loading)
=================================================
0 2.2 2.5 5.5 20.9 mg/L (TOC of WAF)
48 1.3 2.3 6.1 20.2 mg/L (TOC of WAF)
====================================================
Oil-related TOC values were about 1 mg/L (at 1 mg oil/L), about 4.5 - 5.0 mg/L (at 5 mg oil/L) and 19.0 - 20.0 mg/L (at 25 mg oil/L). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed (sealed with glass stopper)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beaker, 100 mL, test volume: 100 mL (no headspace)
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Ca/Mg ratio: 4:1
- Conductivity: no data
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: no data, Gro-Lux fluorescent tubes
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2 - 2.5
- Range finding study: not performed under closed conditions
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- 2/20 (10 %) immobile
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Remarks:
- effective loading
- Effect conc.:
- 3.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 10
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Remarks:
- No-observable effect loading rate
- Effect conc.:
- <= 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- 2/20 (10 %) immobile
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: number of moults incipient reduction from 1 mg/L
- Mortality/immobilisation in control: 1/20
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: none
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: none - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Determination of the EL50 (EL= Effective Loading) and NOELR was accomplished using Probit-analysis (Finney-method, lognormal distribution; confidence limit 95 %, significance level: p <0.05).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Immobilisation rate in dependence of time and loading rate, number of carapace moults, and
number of living animals trapped at the surface [number per total animals, %] (Report Tab. 3)
Control |
0.5 mg/L |
1 mg/L |
2.5 mg/L |
5 mg/L |
10 mg/L |
25 mg/L |
||||||||
Number |
[%] |
Number |
[%] |
Number |
[%] |
Number |
[%] |
Number |
[%] |
Number |
[%] |
Number |
[%] |
|
Immobilisation 24 h |
0/20 |
0 |
0/20 |
0 |
1/20 |
5 |
1/20 |
5 |
2/20 |
10 |
20/20 |
100 |
20/20 |
100 |
Immobilisation 48 h |
1/20 |
5 |
2/20 |
10 |
3/20 |
15 |
3/20 |
15 |
8/20 |
40 |
20/20 |
100 |
20/20 |
100 |
Moults 48 h |
18/20 |
90 |
14/20 |
70 |
10/20 |
50 |
13/20 |
65 |
14/20 |
70 |
2/20 |
10 |
1/20 |
5 |
Living animals at |
0/20 |
0 |
0/20 |
0 |
0/20 |
0 |
0/20 |
0 |
0/20 |
0 |
0/20 |
0 |
0/20 |
0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - Immobilisation in the control: 5 % (nominal value ≤10 %) - Dissolved oxygen in all vessels: >= 6.9 mg/L (nominal value >= 3 mg/L)
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