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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-038-3 | CAS number: 10025-73-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1966
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: only five individuals were investigated in this study (only 4 by testing stripped skin)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Patch Test Reactions to Hexavalent and Trivalent Chromium Compounds
- Author:
- M. H. SAMITZ, MD, AND JOSEPH SHRAGER, MD, PHILADELPHIA
- Year:
- 1 966
- Bibliographic source:
- Arch Derm - Vol. 94, Sept. 1966, p. 304- 306
- Report date:
- 1966
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- potential of eliciting skin reactions in chromate sensitised persons by application of chromium trichloride
- Endpoint addressed:
- skin sensitisation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: human patch-test
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Potential to induce skin senistising effects in chromate sensitized persons by trivalent chromium compounds was investigated using volunteers
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- pre-dates GLP
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium trichloride
- EC Number:
- 233-038-3
- EC Name:
- Chromium trichloride
- Cas Number:
- 10025-73-7
- Molecular formula:
- Cl3Cr
- IUPAC Name:
- chromium trichloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- no data
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- other: This investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant No. OH 00034-07 from the Division of Research Grants, National Institutes of Health, US.
- Details on study design:
- Chromate-sensitive printers and lithographers with trivalent chrome solutions were tested. Four members of this chromate-sensitive group and a private patient with known chromate sensitivity took part in this study. Various concentrations of several trivalent compounds and of potassium dichromate, labeled by code numbers, were tested by conventional patch test methods on intact and stripped skin.
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- 5, 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1% CrCl3 was tested as aqueous solution
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Comparison of patch test reactions to hexavalent and trivalent chromium compounds in five chromate-sensitive subjects showed the following: One patient showed a mild reaction with 5% CrCl3 (0.187 M) and equivocal reactions with 0.5% (0.0082M). Four subjects showed no reactions with the various trivalent chromium compounds. Exposure to 0.25% potassium dichromate however showed strong positive reactions in all five individuals and exposure to 0.1% potassium dichromate showed strong reactions in three of five volunteers and no reaction in the other two individuals. Individual No. 3 in this study that showed a reaction with 5% chromium trichloride also showed effects when exposed to chromium(III) sulphate and showed the strongest reactions when exposed to potassium dichromate (most sensitive person in this study). In these patch-test studies trivalent chromium compounds, in molar concentrations equal to dichromate, were poor elicitors.
Any other information on results incl. tables
In investigating stripped skin (removal of skin barrier through stripping of skin by cellophan tape stripping of skin), 2 of four individuals showed a strong reaction when exposed to 5% chromium trichloride and one individual showed positive reactions when exposed to 1% and 0.5% chromium trichloride. Chromium(III) sulfate showed no reaction or equivocal reactions. On stripped skin the extent and rate of diffusion is of no consequence, because the stripping procedure permits direct entrance of the trivalent chromium compounds. Therefore, the relative inefficacy of these agents as elicitors may be due to their poor penetrating capacities.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In these patch-test studies trivalent chromium compounds, in molar concentrations equal to dichromate, were poor elicitors. However, there is a possibility that workers, sensitised to chromium(VI) also can show some sensitivity to chromium(III) if exposed at high concentrations.
- Executive summary:
In these patch-test studies trivalent chromium compounds, in molar concentrations equal to dichromate, were poor elicitors. However, there is a possibility that workers, sensitised to chromium(VI) also can show some sensitivity to chromium(III) if exposed at high concentrations. Hexavalent chromium is highly diffusible and consequently penetrates the skin readily. This strong penetration is an important factor in the strong performance of Cr(VI) as an elicitor. Chromium(III) compounds have a much lower tendency to penetrate skin. Whereas chromium(III) sulfate showed negligible pentrability through skin, chromium trinitrate and chromium trichloride appear to have a somewhat higher penetration rate through skin.
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