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EC number: 443-870-0 | CAS number: 163520-33-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 Feb - 03 Mar 1994
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Only 2-aminoanthracene was used to test the efficacy of the S9 mix. Additional mutagens requiring metabolic activation such as benzo(a)pyrene or dimethylbenzanthracene were not used to characterise the S9 mix. Historical control data was not provided.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report date:
- 1994
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- Current version adopted in 2020
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Only 2-aminoanthracene was used to test the efficacy of the S9 mix. Additional mutagens requiring metabolic activation such as benzo(a)pyrene or dimethylbenzanthracene were not used to characterise the S9 mix. Historical control data was not provided.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- Guideline in place during study conduct: adopted in 1983
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 472 (Genetic Toxicology: Escherichia coli, Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- Guideline in place during study conduct: adopted in 1983
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5265 (The Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted in 1985
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted in 1985
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- -
- EC Number:
- 443-870-0
- EC Name:
- -
- Cas Number:
- 163520-33-0
- Molecular formula:
- C18H17NO3
- IUPAC Name:
- ethyl 5,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- his operon for S. typhimurium strains, trp operon for E. coli strain
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9 : liver homogenate of 5 - 6 male Sprague Dawley rats (200 - 300 g) pretreated with Aroclor 1254 (single i.p. injection of 500 mg/kg bw) 5 days prior to sacrifice
- method of preparation of S9 mix: The S9 homogenate was diluted 1:10 with a co-factor solution. The resulting S9 mix contained the following components and concentrations: 33 mM KCl, 8 mM MgCl2, 5 mM, glucose-6-phosphate, 4 mM NADP, and 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium: The S9 concentration in the S9-mix was 10%. The volume of S9 mix in the final culture medium was 0.5 mL.
- quality controls of S9: Sterility of the S9 mix was indicated by the absence of contamination on the S9 mix sterility check plates. - Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- First experiment (= range-finding experiment), second experiment, and cytotoxicity experiment: 4, 20, 100, 500, 2500, and 5000 µg/plate, with and without metabolic activation, all strains (except for the cytotoxicity experiment, here only TA 100 was tested)
5000 µg/plate was selected as the highest test concentration based on the results of the range-finding experiment, in which no cytotoxicity was observed up to and including the highest concentration of 5000 µg/plate tested. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- other: N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 2.5 µg/plate, -S9, WP2uvrA), 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA, 0.5 to 10 μg/plate, +S9, all strains)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration: triplicate
- Number of independent experiments: 2 independent experiments were performed.
METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Test substance added in agar (plate incorporation)
TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 48 h
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: background growth inhibition
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF GENOTOXICIY
- Following exposure, his+ and trp+ revertant colonies were counted. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test substance is considered mutagenic if either of the following conditions under a) and b) is achieved:
a) a test substance produces at least a 2-fold increase in the mean number of revertants per plate of at least one of the tester strains over the mean number of revertants per plate of the appropriate vehicle control at complete bacterial background lawn
b) a test substance induces a dose-dependent increase in the mean number of revertants per plate of at least one of the tester strains over the mean number of revertants per plate of the appropriate vehicle control in at least two to three concentrations of the test substance at complete bacterial background lawn.
The test results must be reproducible. - Statistics:
- Mean values and standard deviation were calculated.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Remarks:
- (precipitation was observed at concentrations of 2500 µg/plate and above)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Remarks:
- (precipitation was observed at concentrations of 2500 µg/plate and above)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Remarks:
- (precipitation was observed at concentrations of 2500 µg/plate and above)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Remarks:
- (precipitation was observed at concentrations of 2500 µg/plate and above)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Remarks:
- (precipitation was observed at concentrations of 2500 µg/plate and above)
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation and time of the determination: visible precipitation of the test substance on the plates has been observed at 2500 µg/plate and above
- Definition of acceptable cells for analysis: Identification of the different bacterial strains was performed periodically and all criteria for a valid assay were achieved as described in B.N. Ames, J. McCann and E. Yamasaki: Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella / mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test (Mutation Res. 31 (1975) 347 - 364) and M.H.L. Green and W.J. Muriel: Mutagen testing using trp reversion in Escherichia coli (Mutation Res. 38 (1976) 3 - 32).
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDY:
The test substance was tested at concentrations of 4 to 5000 µg/plate in TA 100 and proved to be not toxic to the bacterial strain, therefore 5000 µg/plate was selected as the highest concentration tested.
STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data : see Table 1 and 2 under "Any other information on results incl. tables".
Ames test:
- Signs of toxicity : No signs of toxicity were noted in any strain up to and included the highest concentration tested, i.e 5000 µg/plate.
- Mean number of revertant colonies per plate and standard deviation : The mean number of revertant colonies was not significantly increased for any strain at any concentration tested. See Table 1 and 2 under "Any other information on results incl. tables".
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Test results of first experiment (plate incorporation)
With or without S9-Mix |
Test substance concentration |
Mean number of revertant colonies per plate |
||||
(μg/plate) |
(average of 3 plates ± standard deviation) |
|||||
|
Base-pair substitution type |
Cross-linking type |
Frameshift type |
|||
|
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
WP2 uvr A |
TA 98 |
TA 1537 |
|
– |
0 |
173.0 ± 16.1 |
10.0 ± 2.0 |
40.7 ± 6.8 |
36.0 ± 5.2 |
17.7 ± 2.5 |
– |
0 (DMSO) |
162.3 ± 17.2 |
14.0 ± 6.1 |
37.0 ± 6.2 |
32.0 ± 5.3 |
18.0 ± 4.6 |
– |
4 |
176.0 ± 7.5 |
14.0 ± 4.4 |
37.3 ± 9.6 |
27.3 ± 4.0 |
15.0 ± 2.6 |
– |
20 |
175.7 ± 1.5 |
13.0 ± 3.6 |
35.3 ± 3.5 |
34.0 ± 5.3 |
20.7 ± 2.5 |
– |
100 |
173.3 ± 7.5 |
15.3 ± 2.3 |
33.0 ± 0.0 |
30.0 ± 7.2 |
12.3 ± 1.5 |
– |
500 |
187.3 ± 22.1 |
18.3 ± 6.0 |
34.3 ± 2.1 |
30.3 ± 8.5 |
17.0 ± 1.7 |
– |
2500 |
190.7 ± 11.0 P |
14.0 ± 3.5 P |
36.7 ± 1.5 P |
29.7 ± 2.1 P |
12.7 ± 3.5 P |
– |
5000 |
206.7 ± 13.1 P |
12.0 ± 4.0 P |
38.7 ± 3.5 P |
30.7 ± 3.8 P |
14.0 ± 3.0 P |
Positive controls, -S9 |
Name |
SA |
SA |
MNNG |
2-NF |
9-AA |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
1 |
1 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
50 |
|
Mean No. of colonies/plate (average of 3 ± SD) |
762.7 ± 29.9 |
537.0 ± 32.1 |
225.3 ± 12.6 |
643.0 ± 83.0 |
114.3 ± 4.6 |
|
+ |
0 |
170.7 ± 26.6 |
13.7 ± 5.9 |
43.3 ± 6.4 |
36.3 ± 9.1 |
10.3 ± 0.6 |
+ |
0 (DMSO) |
159.0 ± 12.1 |
11.7 ± 0.6 |
42.3 ± 4.7 |
41.3 ± 6.1 |
11.7 ± 3.2 |
+ |
4 |
158.7 ± 15.6 |
12.0 ± 1.0 |
37.3 ± 7.4 |
41.0 ± 2.6 |
9.7 ± 4.0 |
+ |
20 |
166.0 ± 17.1 |
14.3 ± 1.2 |
48.0 ± 7.5 |
34.7 ± 2.3 |
9.3 ± 4.5 |
+ |
100 |
167.3 ± 18.6 |
12.0 ± 4.6 |
40.0 ± 7.2 |
43.0 ± 7.8 |
10.0 ± 1.0 |
+ |
500 |
180.3 ± 11.5 |
17.3 ± 4.5 |
42.0 ± 5.2 |
40.3 ± 11.6 |
12.0 ± 1.0 |
|
2500 |
168.7 ± 6.7 P |
16.3 ± 6.4 P |
39.7 ± 1.5 P |
37.3 ± 10.3 P |
10.7 ± 1.5 P |
+ |
5000 |
192.0 ± 12.8 P |
12.0 ± 5.3 P |
36.0 ± 2.6 P |
33.3 ± 4.5 P |
13.0 ± 5.0 P |
Positive controls, +S9 |
Name |
2-AA |
2-AA |
2-AA |
2-AA |
2-AA |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
0.5 |
1 |
10 |
0.5 |
1 |
|
Mean No. of colonies/plate (average of 3 ± SD) |
1194.7 ± 49.4 |
137.7 ± 10.1 |
273.7 ± 6.7 |
996.0 ± 82.3 |
244.0 ± 12.5 |
2-NF = 2-nitrofluorene
SA = sodium azide
MNNG= N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
9-AA = 9-aminoacridine
2-AA = 2-aminoanthracene
P = precipitate
Table 2. Test results of second experiment (plate incorporation)
With or without S9-Mix |
Test substance concentration |
Mean number of revertant colonies per plate |
||||
(μg/plate) |
(average of 3 plates ± standard deviation) |
|||||
|
Base-pair substitution type |
Cross-linking type |
Frameshift type |
|||
|
TA 100 |
TA 1535 |
WP2 uvr A |
TA 98 |
TA 1537 |
|
– |
0 |
222.3 ± 23.4 |
15.3 ± 2.1 |
33.0 ± 7.0 |
36.0 ± 2.6 |
20.3 ± 2.1 |
– |
0 (DMSO) |
190.7 ± 16.8 |
12.3 ± 4.0 |
32.3 ± 5.5 |
37.0 ± 2.6 |
24.0 ± 6.6 |
– |
4 |
188.3 ± 11.6 |
19.3 ± 5.1 |
30.0 ± 4.4 |
35.3 ± 4.0 |
16.0 ± 9.2 |
– |
20 |
186.3 ± 14.5 |
10.7 ± 5.5 |
32.7 ± 9.0 |
32.7 ± 10.1 |
17.7 ± 4.6 |
– |
100 |
175.0 ± 18.5 |
12.0 ± 4.6 |
36.3 ± 3.5 |
37.7 ± 2.3 |
17.3 ± 4.5 |
– |
500 |
187.3 ± 1.2 |
15.7 ± 7.5 |
37.0 ± 8.5 |
32.3 ± 7.0 |
16.3 ± 4.2 |
– |
2500 |
199.7 ± 30.0 P |
18.3 ± 2.5 P |
34.3 ± 8.5 P |
27.7 ± 2.9 P |
20.3 ± 3.5 P |
– |
5000 |
233.7 ± 15.8 P |
15.7 ± 1.2 P |
34.7 ± 3.2 P |
26.7 ± 3.8 P |
19.7 ± 3.5 P |
Positive controls, -S9 |
Name |
SA |
SA |
MNNG |
2-NF |
9-AA |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
1 |
1 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
50 |
|
Mean No. of colonies/plate (average of 3 ± SD) |
949.7 ± 64.5 |
731.7 ± 16.8 |
242.7 ± 62.5 |
1334.7 ± 82.7 |
155.7 ± 27.0 |
|
+ |
0 |
186.0 ± 10.1 |
16.7 ± 6.0 |
40.7 ± 6.8 |
39.0 ± 8.2 |
21.0 ± 3.0 |
+ |
0 (DMSO) |
163.0 ± 6.0 |
16.7 ± 1.5 |
38.0 ± 4.6 |
40.0 ± 4.4 |
19.0 ± 2.6 |
+ |
4 |
179.3 ± 17.2 |
13.0 ± 1.0 |
36.3 ± 11.2 |
44.7 ± 3.8 |
15.7 ± 4.9 |
+ |
20 |
199.3 ± 4.2 |
14.3 ± 1.5 |
36.0 ± 5.3 |
41.0 ± 9.2 |
14.3 ± 1.2 |
+ |
100 |
199.0 ± 8.2 |
18.3 ± 2.5 |
38.7 ± 1.5 |
42.7 ± 4.9 |
14.7 ± 0.6 |
+ |
500 |
198.0 ± 7.8 |
13.3 ± 1.2 |
39.3 ± 2.3 |
46.0 ± 7.2 |
19.0 ± 2.6 |
|
2500 |
199.0 ± 24.3 P |
14.7 ± 3.5 P |
39.7 ± 9.0 P |
40.0 ± 7.8 P |
18.3 ± 3.5 P |
+ |
5000 |
207.7 ± 4.5 P |
16.3 ± 2.9 P |
34.0 ± 6.1 P |
28.0 ± 7.5 P |
10.7 ± 3.1 P |
Positive controls, +S9 |
Name |
2-AA |
2-AA |
2-AA |
2-AA |
2-AA |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
0.5 |
1 |
10 |
0.5 |
1 |
|
Mean No. of colonies/plate (average of 3 ± SD) |
2041.7 ± 80.7 |
167.7 ± 7.6 |
275.3 ± 57.5 |
1712.3 ± 42.2 |
289.7 ± 0.6 |
2-NF = 2-nitrofluorene
SA = sodium azide
MNNG= N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
9-AA = 9-aminoacridine
2-AA = 2-aminoanthracene
P = precipitate
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study, the test substance was negative for genotoxicity in bacteria with and without metabolic activation.
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