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EC number: 271-434-8 | CAS number: 68555-58-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
The mutagenicity of the test item was determined in a study according to OECD guideline 471. The results indicate that the test item under the experimental conditions described, was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100, and to the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of a metabolizing system.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- January - April 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- histidine, tryptophan
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Strain TA 100: 0.3, 1, 3,10, 33, 100, 333, and 1000 μg/plate
all others: 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500, and 5000 μg/plate
Based on the observed toxicity in the pretest 1000 μg/plate were chosen as maximal concentration for strain TA 100, 5000 μg/plate for the remaining strains. - Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
The solvent was chosen because of its solubility properties and its relative nontoxicity to the bacteria. - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- untreated
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- TA 1535, TA 100 (Without metabolic activation)
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- untreated
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine, 4-NOPD
- Remarks:
- TA 1537, TA 98 (Without metabolic activation)
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- untreated
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- WP2 uvrA (Without metabolic activation)
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- untreated
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA (With metabolic activation)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation) in Experiment I and pre-incubation in Experiment II
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 60 min at 37 °C
- Exposure duration: 48 h at 37 °C
SELECTION AGENT: L-Histidin for S. typhimurium, Tryptophan for E. coli
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
Titer of the incubated culture: 10^8 - 10^9 cells/mL.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Background lawn
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
The Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
- regular background growth in the negative and solvent control
- the spontaneous reversion rates in the negative and solvent control are in the range of our historical data
- the positive control substances should produce an increase above the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control
- a minimum of five analysable dose levels should be present with at least three dose levels showing no signs of toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants below the indication factor of 0.5. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant. - Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 100 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 333 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 100 μg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- PRE-EXPERIMENT:
3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate
Since toxic effects were observed six concentrations were tested in experiment II. Based on the observed toxicity 1000 μg/plate were chosen as maximal concentration for strain TA 100, 5000 μg/plate for the remaining strains.
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA
see table at "Any other information"
In experiment I the number of colonies did not quite reach the lower limit of our historical control data in the negative control of strain WP2 uvrA with metabolic activation. Since this deviation is rather small, this effect is judged to be based upon statistical fluctuations and has no detrimental impact on the outcome of the study.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
- Measurement of cytotoxicity used: reduced background lawn
- TA 1537: with metabolic activation at 333 μg/plate and without metabolic activation at 100 μg/plate cytotoxic effects
- TA 98: with metabolic activation at 1000 μg/plate and without metabolic activation at 333 μg/plate cytotoxic effects
- TA 100: with metabolic activation at 1000 μg/plate and without metabolic activation at 100 μg/plate cytotoxic effects - Conclusions:
- The mutagenicity of the test item was determined in a study according to OECD guideline 471. The results indicate that the test item under the experimental conditions described, was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100, and to the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of a metabolizing system.
- Executive summary:
This study was performed to investigate the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA. The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate.
The test item was tested at the following concentrations:
Pre-Experiment/Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment II:
Strains TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 98: 3, 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 µg/plate
Strain TA 100: 0.3; 1; 3;10; 33; 100; 333; and 1000 µg/plate
Strain WP2 uvrA: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 µg/plate
The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes from 1000 to 5000 µg/plate with S9 mix in both experiments. Precipitation of the test item in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates was observed in experiment I at 5000 µg/plate with S9 mix. The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording. In experiment II no precipitation of the test item was observed in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates. In experiment I the plates incubated with the test item showed normal background growth in all strains with and without S9 mix up to 5000 µg/plate. In experiment II reduced background growth was observed in strains TA 1537, TA98, and TA 100 with and without S9 mix.
Toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in all strains. No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance. Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies.
In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used.
Reference
Mean number of revertants with S9 mix
Test substance |
Dose/Plate (µg) |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvrA |
DMSO |
- |
11 |
18 |
28 |
135 |
35 |
Test substance |
0.3 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
3 |
13 |
16 |
37 |
161 |
|
|
10 |
14 |
15 |
32 |
141 |
|
|
33 |
12 |
15 |
28 |
137 |
40 |
|
100 |
10 |
8 |
35 |
134 |
39 |
|
333 |
9 |
8R |
25 |
69 |
40 |
|
1000 |
1 |
0R |
14R |
5R |
40 |
|
2500 |
0 |
0R |
1R |
|
24 |
|
5000 |
0 |
0R |
0R |
|
27 |
|
Positive control |
10 |
|
|
|
|
369 |
2.5 |
425 |
157 |
3959 |
5070 |
|
Positive Control: 2 –Aminoanthracene (2 -AA)
R: reduced background growth
Mean number of revertants without S9 mix
Test substance |
Dose/Plate (µg) |
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvrA |
DMSO |
- |
15 |
13 |
26 |
156 |
30 |
Test substance |
0.3 |
|
|
|
140 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
3 |
11 |
10 |
27 |
145 |
|
|
10 |
11 |
10 |
24 |
154 |
|
|
33 |
8 |
8 |
20 |
142 |
32 |
|
100 |
7 |
5R |
17 |
48 |
30 |
|
333 |
8 |
7R |
20R |
48 |
31 |
|
1000 |
6 |
7R |
15R |
43 |
32 |
|
2500 |
3 |
4R |
14R |
|
30 |
|
5000 |
1 |
2R |
7R |
|
28 |
|
NaN3 |
10 |
1151 |
- |
- |
2171 |
- |
4-NOPD |
10 |
- |
- |
317 |
- |
- |
4-NOPD |
50 |
- |
68 |
- |
- |
- |
MMS |
2.0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
843 |
R: reduced background growth
NaN3: sodium azide
4-NOPD: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine
MMS: methyl methane sulfonate
Historical control data
Strain |
|
Without S9 mix |
With S9 mix |
||||||
Mean |
SD |
Min |
Max |
Mean |
SD |
Min |
Max |
||
TA 1535 |
Solvent control |
12 |
2.5 |
6 |
25 |
12 |
2.5 |
7 |
26 |
Untreated control |
12 |
3.1 |
6 |
28 |
12 |
2.9 |
7 |
26 |
|
Positive control |
1130 |
143.1 |
334 |
1816 |
388 |
58.2 |
176 |
668 |
|
TA1537 |
Solvent control |
10 |
2.2 |
6 |
19 |
13 |
3.5 |
7 |
30 |
Untreated control |
11 |
2.7 |
5 |
21 |
14 |
4.0 |
7 |
31 |
|
Positive control |
82 |
12.7 |
43 |
157 |
191 |
60.8 |
83 |
434 |
|
TA 98 |
Solvent control |
25 |
4.4 |
13 |
43 |
34 |
6.2 |
15 |
58 |
Untreated control |
27 |
4.9 |
12 |
43 |
37 |
6.5 |
11 |
57 |
|
Positive control |
378 |
73.7 |
211 |
627 |
3949 |
771.8 |
360 |
6586 |
|
TA 100 |
Solvent control |
156 |
26.0 |
78 |
209 |
148 |
32.3 |
73 |
208 |
Untreated control |
176 |
23.6 |
79 |
217 |
172 |
25.4 |
85 |
218 |
|
Positive control |
1966 |
293.2 |
498 |
2767 |
3798 |
830.4 |
536 |
6076 |
|
WP2 uvr A |
Solvent control |
41 |
5.6 |
27 |
63 |
50 |
6.8 |
28 |
72 |
Untreated control |
42 |
5.8 |
30 |
63 |
52 |
6.8 |
36 |
88 |
|
Positive control |
798 |
362.7 |
319 |
4732 |
378 |
112.6 |
167 |
1265 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
OECD 471
This study was performed to investigate the potential of the test item to induce gene mutations according to the plate incorporation test (experiment I) and the pre-incubation test (experiment II) using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA. The assay was performed in two independent experiments both with and without liver microsomal activation. Each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate.
The test item was tested at the following concentrations:
Pre-Experiment/Experiment I: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment II:
Strains TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 98: 3, 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 µg/plate
Strain TA 100: 0.3; 1; 3;10; 33; 100; 333; and 1000 µg/plate
Strain WP2 uvrA: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 µg/plate
The test item precipitated in the overlay agar in the test tubes from 1000 to 5000 µg/plate with S9 mix in both experiments. Precipitation of the test item in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates was observed in experiment I at 5000 µg/plate with S9 mix. The undissolved particles had no influence on the data recording. In experiment II no precipitation of the test item was observed in the overlay agar on the incubated agar plates. In experiment I the plates incubated with the test item showed normal background growth in all strains with and without S9 mix up to 5000 µg/plate. In experiment II reduced background growth was observed in strains TA 1537, TA98, and TA 100 with and without S9 mix.
Toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in all strains. No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance. Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls and showed a distinct increase of induced revertant colonies.
In conclusion, it can be stated that during the described mutagenicity test and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. Based on available data on genetic toxicity, the test item is not classified and labelled as mutagen according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for the tenth time in Regulation (EU) No 2017/776.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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