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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 947-999-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented study in peer-reviewed publication.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Reference
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented study in peer-reviewed publication.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Radiolabelled test substance (3 mM solution) was applied to the shaved skin of female rats. The exposure lasted 15 min, after which is was rinsed off. After a 24 hr observation period during feces, urine, and expired air was collected, the animals were sacrificed and the excised skin was examined by autoradiography
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Colworth-Wistar
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 100-120 g
- Housing: sealed metabolism cages
- Individual metabolism cages: yes
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Air changes (per hr): 1.5 L/min - Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- other: Two test solutions were made: water, and 25% polyethylene glycol 400 in water.
- Duration of exposure:
- 15 min
- Doses:
- - Nominal doses: 3 mM solution
- Dose volume: 0.2 ml - No. of animals per group:
- no data
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- DOSE PREPARATION
- Method for preparation of dose suspensions: The test substance was added to the vehicle and homogenized and equilibrated at 40 degrees C for 24 hrs. The pH was then adjusted to 9.5 by adding 0.01 n NaOH or HCl.
TEST SITE
- Preparation of test site: 24 hrs before application, hair was removed with clippers. Only animals with intact skin were used.
- Area of exposure: 7.5 cm^2
SITE PROTECTION / USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: yes: Animals were anesthetized during exposure. During the 24 hr observation period the animals were fitted with restraining collars or non-occlusive patches. Non-occlusive patches were made of three layers of surgical gauze 1 cm larger in each dimension than the exposure area. Over this, a stainless steel 100 mesh gauze was placed and secured with surgical strapping with holes punctured in it.
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Collection of urine and faeces: for 24 hrs after exposure
- Collection of expired air: for 24 hrs after exposure
SAMPLE PREPARATION
- Preparation details: feces were freezed dried, carcasses were homogenized in a blender and then freeze dried
ANALYSIS
- Method type(s) for identification: Liquid scintillation counting, excised skin was examined by autoradiography - Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation:
- not specified
- Absorption in different matrices:
- - Non-occlusive cover: < 2 micrograms
- Skin wash: 135 +/- 27 micrograms
- Skin test site: Heavy deposition was seen on the skin surface, and in the upper hair follicles, 11+/-4 micrograms
- Urine: none
- Faeces: none - Dose:
- 250 micrograms
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- < 0.3 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 24 hrs after exposure
- Conclusions:
- The in vivo penetration through rat skin after a 15 min exposure was < 0.3%.
- Executive summary:
Radiolabelled test substance (3 mM solution) was applied to the shaved skin of female rats. The exposure lasted 15 min, after which is was rinsed off. After a 24 hr observation period during feces, urine, and expired air was collected, the animals were sacrificed and the excised skin was examined by autoradiography. Results show that the test substance, which is of low solubility, did not penetrate through the skin to any significant degree. The amount of test substance penetrating the skin was below the detection limit. The penetration through rat skin was < 0.3%.
The amount of test substance that penetrated the skin was below the detection limit of 0.1 micrograms/cm2 or less than 0.3% of the initial dose.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The percutaneous absorption of some anionic surfactants
- Author:
- Howes, D
- Year:
- 1 975
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 26: 47-63.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
- EC Number:
- 246-680-4
- EC Name:
- Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
- Cas Number:
- 25155-30-0
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): sodium p-1-[1-14C]-dodecylbenzenesulphonate
- Analytical purity: determined to be chemically pure by thin layer chromatography
- Radiochemical purity (if radiolabelling): determined to be radioactively pure by isotope dilution analysis
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): > 99%
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- human
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Duration of exposure:
- 48 hrs
- Doses:
- 0.1 ml of 3 mM solution
- No. of animals per group:
- four skin samples
- Details on study design:
- - Method for preparation of dose suspensions: The test substance was added to the vehicle and homogenized and equilibrated at 40 degrees C for 24 hrs. The pH was then adjusted to 9.5 by adding 0.01 n NaOH or HCl.
- Details on in vitro test system (if applicable):
- SKIN PREPARATION
- Source of skin: human cadavars
- Ethical approval if human skin:
- Type of skin: abdominal
- Preparative technique: Epidermal samples were heated at 58 degrees C for 2 min. Samples were placed in 1 cm diamter penetration cells, and saline with 0.012% penicillin, 0.01% streptomycin was placed on both surfaces of the cells. The cells were equilibrated at 37 degrees C for 24 hrs.
- Membrane integrity check: Only cells with electrical resistance greater than 50,000 ohms were used.
- Storage conditions: -70 degree C
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not examined
- Dermal irritation:
- yes
- Remarks:
- some swelling was seen after 48 hrs of contact
- Absorption in different matrices:
- Only 30% of the test substance was removed by rinsing, with 70 % remaining associated with the skin.
Percutaneous absorptionopen allclose all
- Dose:
- 152.9 micrograms/cm^2
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- < 0.07 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 2 hrs
- Dose:
- 152.9 micrograms/cm^2
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- < 0.07 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 6 hrs
- Dose:
- 152.9 micrograms/cm^2
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- < 0.07 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 24 hrs
- Dose:
- 152.9 micrograms/cm^2
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- < 0.07 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 48 hrs
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The in vitro penetration through human skin after a 48 hr exposure was < 0.07%.
- Executive summary:
Radiolabelled test substance was applied (0.1 ml of a 3 mM solution) to samples of human abdominal skin from four female cadavars. Exposure time was 48 hrs. Analysis by liquid scintillation counting was done at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 24, and 48 hrs. Penetration through human skin was negligible, with < 0.07% absorbed in 48 hrs.
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