Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 222-357-3 | CAS number: 3444-17-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 4 April 2017 - 21 June 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- April 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Range-finder test:
The test soluitions were prepared in ISO medium by water accomodated fractions (WAF) at 3 loading rates equivalent to: 100, 1000 and 10 000 mg test item/L. A control was set up with ISO test medium only. There were 4 replicates for each treatement and for the control. 5 daphnids were introduced in each replicates (each one contianing 50 mL of test solution.
Organisms were maintained at temperature of 20°C +/- 2°C and light intensity under 300 lux with a light: dark cycle of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.
After 24 and 48 hours, the number of immobile daphnids in each replicate were recorded. pH and dissolved oxygen were recorded at the beginning and the end of the test.
Definitive test:
Besed on the results of the range-finde, concentrations were prepared in ISO medium by water accomodated fractions (WAF) at 5 loading rates equivalent to6.25; 12.5; 25; 50 and 100 mg test item/L. A control was set up with ISO test medium only. There were 4 replicates for each treatment and for the control. 5 daphnids were introduced in each replicate (each one containing 50 mL of test solution).
Organisms were maintained at temperature of 20°C +/- 2°C and light intensity under 300 lux with a light: dark cycle of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.
After 24 and 48 hours, the number of immobile daphnids in each replicate were recorded. pH and dissolved oxygen were recorded at the beginning and the end of the test.
Test solution analysis:
The test item quantification was performed according to a validated analytical method to measure the concentration of the test item at the start and the end of the test.
Test item solution and control were sampled (approximately 50 mL) and transferred to analyse the same day. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Since test item is a poorly soluble substance under test condition, test solutions were prepared by accomodated fractions (WAF) approach according to OECD monograph n° 23. WAFs were prepared individually. Measured quantities of test item were added directly to test medium and mixed for 48 hours to achieve an equilibrated concentration of dissolved and dispersed or emulsified components in the aqueous phase. Following cessation of mixing and a period of settling (to allow phase separation), the aqueous phase was drawn off for testing.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia magna Straus clone 5, between 6 and 24 hours old and produced from parthenogenical reproducing female population were used. Daphnia are issued from the breeding lab. The selection of the juvenile was daily realized by filtration. The juvenile stemming at least from the second litter were used to start the test.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- other: reconstituted test water
- Remarks:
- Elendt M4
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 140-250 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20.0 +/- 2 degrees Celsius
- pH:
- Range-finder test: pH at the beginning of the test = 7.29
Definitive test: pH at the beginning of the test = 7.42 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations: 0, 6.25, 12.5, 50 and 100 mg test item/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Daily feeding: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris suspensions, spirulin.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 58.612 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: [55.361 - 61.862]
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 62.561 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: [58.487 - 66.634]
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 47.37 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: [44.744 - 49.997]
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 51.947 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: [48.565 - 55.328]
- Details on results:
- No other biological effects observed.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The toxic response obtained on the reference item Potassium dichromate (April 4, 2017) gives an EC50-24h of 0.999 mg/L (0.932 – 1.067), indicating that the daphnids sensitivity is correct (within the accepted interval of 0.6 – 2.1 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The probits method was used for the estimation of EC10 and EC50.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the number of immobilized daphnids, the EC50 of the test item after a 24-hour exposure period was calculated to be 62,561 mg.L-1 (58,487 – 66,634 mg.L-1 95% confidence limits), and the EC50 after a 48-hour exposure period was calculated to be 58,612 mg.L-1 (55,361 – 61,862 mg.L-1 95% confidence limits).
Reference
Daphnids immobilisation:
Nominal test item concentration in mg/L | Number of daphnids exposed at the start | Immobilised daphnids (%) at 24h | Immobilised daphnids (%) at 48h |
Control | 20 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
6.25 | 20 | 1 (5%) | 1 (5%) |
12.5 | 20 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
25 | 20 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
50 | 20 | 1 (5%) | 2 (10%) |
100 | 20 | 20 (100%) | 20 (100%) |
Description of key information
In the experimental conditions of an OECD 202 test, the EC50 of the test item after a 24-hour exposure period was calculated to be 62,561 mg.L-1 (58,487 – 66,634 mg.L-1 95% confidence limits), and the EC50 after a 48-hour exposure period was calculated to be 58,612 mg.L-1 (55,361 – 61,862 mg.L-1 95% confidence limits).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 58.612 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.