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EC number: 282-162-4 | CAS number: 84100-84-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 08.07.2016-20.07.2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- Ninth Addendum to OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, No. 471:
Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test, adopted July 21, 1997 - Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 B13/14, dated May 30, 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole-5-carboxylic acid
- EC Number:
- 282-162-4
- EC Name:
- 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole-5-carboxylic acid
- Cas Number:
- 84100-84-5
- Molecular formula:
- C12H13NO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole-5-carboxylic acid
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- brown powder
Batch no. CHA024
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Salmonella typhimurium (TA strains): histidine locus
Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA strain): tryptophan locus
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Pre-Experiment/Experiment I (plate incorporation test): 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment II (pre-incubation test): 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 µg/plate
Since no toxic effects were observed in the pre-experiment, 5000 µg/plate were chosen as maximal concentration for experiment II. - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO (purity > 99 %)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: solubility properties and its relative nontoxicity to the bacteria
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: 4-NOPD (without activation), 2-AA (with activation)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: Experiment I: in agar (plate incorporation); Experiment II: pre-incubation;
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 60 minutes
- Exposure duration: at least 48 hours
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: In both experiments, each concentration, including the controls, was tested in triplicate.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY: reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5) or a clearing of the bacterial background lawn. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: no data
- Effects of osmolality: no data
- Evaporation from medium: no data
- Precipitation: no precipitation of the test item occurred up to the highest investigated dose.
- Other confounding effects: no
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The pre-experiment was performed with all strains used. Eight concentrations were tested for toxicity and mutation induction with each 3 plates. The experimental conditions in this pre-experiment were the same as described for the experiment I (plate incorporation test).
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
Strain without S9 mix with S9 mix
Mean SD Min Max Mean SD Min Max
Solvent control 11 2.15 7 23 12 2.14 7 21
TA 1535 Untreated control 12 2.97 6 24 12 2.71 7 26
Positive control 1090 123.80 334 1372 392 62.85 176 549
Solvent control 10 1.83 6 18 13 3.27 7 27
TA1537 Untreated control 10 2.29 6 20 14 3.72 7 25
Positive control 83 12.28 55 131 175 44.44 82 327
Solvent control 24 3.75 16 36 33 5.55 18 51
TA 98 Untreated control 26 4.72 15 43 36 5.83 17 56
Positive control 344 51.13 211 599 3822 857.83 319 5048
Solvent control 155 24.19 84 194 145 31.81 81 204
TA 100 Untreated control 174 21.92 90 206 170 23.62 93 212
Positive control 1956 279.93 6 58 2528 3606 676.07 722 4940
Solvent control 41 5.72 27 63 51 6.91 37 72
WP2uvrA Untreated control 42 6.01 31 63 53 7.05 38 88
Positive control 732 161.66 322 1066 362 72.26 212 858
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
In experiment II, the data in the negative control of strain TA 100 without S9 mix were slightly above our historical control range. Since this deviation is rather small, this effect is considered to be based upon biologically irrelevant fluctuations in the number of colonies.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The test item Trimethylcarbonsäure was evaluated in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of rat liver S9 mix. Under the conditions of the study, the test substance was negative for mutagenic potential.
- Executive summary:
In a reverse gene mutation assay in bacteria according to OECD guideline 471 (adopted 21 July 1997), Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA were exposed to Trimethylcarbonsäure in DMSO in concentrations of 0 (control), 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate in the presence and absence of mammalian metabolic activation (rat liver S9 mix) in a plate incorporation test and in concentrations of 0 (control), 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate in the presence and absence of mammalian metabolic activation (rat liver S9 mix) in a pre-incubation test.
Each concentration and the controls were tested in triplicates.
No precipitation of the test item occurred up to the highest investigated dose.
The plates incubated with the test item showed normal background growth up to 5000 µg/plate with and without S9 mix in all strains used.
No toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants (below the indication factor of 0.5), occurred in the test groups with and without metabolic activation.
No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with Trimethylcarbonsäure at any concentration level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.
In experiment II, the data in the negative control of strain TA 100 without S9 mix wereslightly above the laboratory's historical control range. Since this deviation is rather small, this effect is considered to be based upon biologically irrelevant fluctuations in the number of colonies.
Appropriate reference mutagens were used as positive controls. They showed a distinct increase in induced revertant colonies
There was no evidence of induced mutant colonies over background.
Under the conditions of the study, the test substance was negative for mutagenic potential.
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