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EC number: 217-682-2 | CAS number: 1929-82-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Peer reviewed publication, no guideline followed, basic data covering two strains only
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- lmprovement and Evaluation of High Throughput Fluctuation Ames Test Using 384-well Plate with Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TASS
- Author:
- H. Sui, K. Kawakami, N. Sakurai, T Hara and T. Nohmi
- Year:
- 2 009
- Bibliographic source:
- Genes and Environment, Vol. 31, No. 2 pp. 47-55 (2009)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nitrapyrin
- EC Number:
- 217-682-2
- EC Name:
- Nitrapyrin
- Cas Number:
- 1929-82-4
- Molecular formula:
- C6H3Cl4N
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- phenobarbital induced rat liver S-9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- no data
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Sodium azide, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, 2-aminoathracene, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Two different test methods named were conducted and compared to each other. The first method was referred to as "Ames test" the second method was referred to as "Improved FAT. The "Ames test" is based on the traditional Petri dish method, while the "Improved FAT" is based on a high throughput fluctuation Ames test, which is based on 384 microwell plates instead of the traditional method.
The advantage of the "Improved FAT" is that a much smaller amount of test chemicals is required than the Ames test and can be automated.
Ames test:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min at 37°C
Two plates were used for each dose, and the mean values of the two plates were calculated and used as the number of revertants
Improved FAT:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 90 min at 37°C in a 24 well-plate rotating at 170 rpm. After preincubation, 2.5 mL of the histidine-deficient indicator medium was added to each well of the 24-well plate containing the reaction mixture. Before and after addition of the indicator medium, the
presence of precipitate derived from the chemicals in each weil of the 24-well plate was investigated by the naked eye. An aliquot (50 µL) of the solution (or suspension) in each well of the 24-well plate was transferred into one well of the 384-well plate for final evaluation following an additional incubation step of 72 h at 37°C- - Evaluation criteria:
- For the "Ames test" method , the results were judged to be positive when the mean number of revertant colonies was increased dose dependently, and reached twice or more than that of the negative
control.
For the "Improved FAT" method, the results for TA100 were judged to be positive when the percent of positive wells was increased dose dependently, and reached twice or more than that of the negative control. With TA98, the results were judged to be positive when the percent of positive wells was increased dose dependently and reached three times or more than that of the negative control, because the percent of positive wells was low in the negative control.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- ambiguous
- Remarks:
- A week postive finding was observed for the "Ames test" method.A negative finding was observed for the "Improved FAT" method.
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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