Reaction mass of disodium [2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis{[2-(hydroxy-kO)benzyl]imino-kN})diacetato-kO(4-)]zinc(2-) and sodium chloride

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

In vitro Bacterial Revers Mutation Assay (Ames Test)

Fe(Na)HBED was tested in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames Test) according to OECD TG 471 and in compliance with GLP rules (Bednarikova, 2009). Five strains of Salmonella typhimurium: TA100, TA98, TA97, TA1535 and TA102 were used for evaluation of mutagenic activity of the test substance. The substance Fe(Na)HBED was tested in range finding assay up to a maximum dose 5.0 mg/plate selected according to the guideline as the highest tested dose. Since the highest doses 5.0 and 2.5 mg/plate reduced the number of spontaneous revertants most of tested strains, the concentrations of test compound in following experiments ranged between 0.0001and 1.0 mg/plate. The main test consisted of two standard plate incorporation assays (each with and without metabolic activation) and one preincubation assay in the absence of external metabolic activation. In the standard plate assay, two external metabolic activation systems were used: S9 fraction prepared from Sprague-Dawley rat after induction with 20-methylcholanthrene and S9 fraction prepared from Sprague-Dawley rat after induction with Aroclor1254.Adequate strain specific positive controls were included in the experiments. DMSO served as solvent/negative control. The positive mutagens yielded a significant increase in the number of revertants as compared to solvent controls, therewith demonstrating the sensitivity of the assay. Fe(Na)HBED neither produce a statistically significant dose-related increase in the number of revertants nor a statistically significant and reproducible positive response at any one of the test points and according to these results is considered non-mutagenic in this test system.

In-vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test (OECD 487)for Fe(Na)HBED

The test compaunf Fe(Na)HBED was tested to evaluate the potential genotoxic effect in the in vitro micronucleus test conducted according to the OECD Guideline 487 (Beno, 2016). In the Range-Finder Test aimed to find potential cytotoxic effects of the test item, the test item at the highest test dose (limited by solubility) - 1100mg/mL did not reduce the cell proliferation. In the main test 3 different treatments (3h treatment with and without metabolic activation and 20 h treatment without metabolic activation) were tested. Under each test condition five test item concentrations (conc. range 1100- 68.75mg/mL)were evaluated. Nostatistically significant increase of the incidence of micronuclei in comparison with the solvent control in all the test variants were determined.  (P-values ranges between 0.315 and 1.000). No difference was observed in mitotic – cell proliferation activity for the test item concentrationsin comparison with mitotic activity of the solvent control. 

Functionality of the test system was demonstrated bythe test results obtained with all positive controls where the incidence of micronuclei compared with untreated negative or solvent control was significantly increased.

In conclusion, the test item Fe(Na)HBED analyzed in terms of micronucleus test in vitro did not show genotoxic effects on the target test system and the result of the study is considered to benegative.

Genotoxicity study for inorganic zinc’s compounds

Genotoxicity studies conducted in a variety of test systems have failed to provide evidence for mutagenicity of zinc. However, there are indications of weak clastogenic effects following zinc exposure.

Results of in vitro studies are shown in Table 3-5 (sse attachment below). Exposure to zinc as zinc sulfate or zinc chloride does not increase mutation frequencies in bacterial or mammalian cell culture test systems (Amacher and Paillet 1980; Gocke et al. 1981; Marzin and Vo Phi 1985; Nishioka 1975; Thompson et al. 1989; Venitt and Levy 1974; Wong 1988). Similarly, there was no convincing evidence of a clastogenic effect in human lymphocytes exposed to 0.0003–0.00003 M zinc chloride (Deknudt and Deminatti 1978).

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 2009-01-16 to 2009-03-13

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Please see attached file.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Target gene:

his-

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium, other: TA 100, TA 98, TA 97, TA 102 and TA 1535

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

other: his-, rfa mutation, uvrB mutation, the resistance to ampicilin (R factor) (were confirmed according to Maron and Ames, 1983)

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Methylcholanthrene or Aroclor 1254 induced post-mitochondrial S9 fraction

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Range-finding test: 0.001 - 5.0 mg/plate
Main test: 1.0 to 0.0001 mg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO (in experiments with preincubation cone, up to 1%)

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

solvent/vehicle control

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

negative control

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

without metabolic activation Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 1535, TA 100 - 0.0015, 0.002 mg/plate, solvent: aqua

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

solvent/vehicle control

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

negative control

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

Remarks:

without metabolic activation Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 98 - 0.003 mg/plate, solvent DMSO

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

solvent/vehicle control

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

negative control

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Remarks:

without metabolic activation Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 97 - 0.075 mg/plate, solvent DMSO

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

solvent/vehicle control

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

negative control

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

mitomycin C

Remarks:

without metabolic activation Migrated to IUCLID6: TA 102 - 0.0005 mg/plate, solvent aqua

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

solvent/vehicle control

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

negative control

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-acetamidofluorene (2AAF): TA 98, TA 100 - 0.100 mg/plate, solvent DMSO

Remarks:

with metabolic activation

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation) and preincubation:
The main test consisted of two plate incorporation experiments (without any modification: with and without metabolic activation) and one preincubation test (without metabolic activation)

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min
- Exposure duration: 48 hours




OTHER:

Evaluation criteria:

Evaluation criteria
Positive results: concentration-related increase over the tested range and reproducible increase at one or more concentrations in the number of revertant colonies per plate in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation, MF>2. Student's t-test was used for evaluation of statistical significance of mutation frequency increasing against solvent control value.

Statistics:

Student's test

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 97

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:

The highest doses 5.0 and 2.5 mg/plate reduced the number of spontaneous revertants of most of tested strains (please refer to table 1 (attached)).

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

The Fe (III) HBED produce neither a statistically significant dose-related increase in the number of revertants nor a statistically significant and reproducible positive response at any one of the test points and according these results is considered non mutagenic in this system.

Executive summary:

Fe(III)HBED was tested in Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames Test) according to OECD TG 471 and in compliance with GLP rules (Bednarikova, 2009). Five strains of Salmonella typhimurium: TA100, TA98, TA97, TA1535 and TA102 were used for evaluation of mutagenic activity of the test substance. The substance Fe(III)HBED was tested in range finding assay up to a maximum dose 5.0 mg/plate selected according to the guideline as the highest tested dose. Since the highest doses 5.0 and 2.5mg/plate reduced the number of spontaneous revertants most of tested strains, the concentrations of test compound in following experiments ranged between 0.0001and 1.0 mg/plate. The main test consisted of two standard plate incorporation assays (each with and without metabolic activation) and one preincubation assay in the absence of external metabolic activation. In the standard plate assay, two external metabolic activation systems were used: S9 fraction prepared from Sprague-Dawley rat after induction with 20-methylcholanthrene and S9 fraction prepared from Sprague-Dawley rat after induction with Aroclor1254. Adequate strain specific positive controls were included in the experiments. DMSO served as solvent/negative control. The positive mutagens yielded a significant increase in the number of revertants as compared to solvent controls, therewith demonstrating the sensitivity of the assay. Fe (III) HBED neither produce a statistically significant dose-related increase in the number of revertants nor a statistically significant and reproducible positive response at any one of the test points and according to these results is considered non-mutagenic in this test system.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

in vitro cytogenicity / micronucleus study

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

October 2015 - January 2016

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study acc. to GLP

Justification for type of information:

Plese see attached file.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD 487

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test

Species / strain / cell type:

lymphocytes: peripherial bood human lymphocytes

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Blood from healthy, young women, (18-35 years of age), non-smoking.
Blood was taken from two healthy non-smoking, healthy female volunteers, who were not taking any medication.

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

The mammalian liver post-mitochondrial fraction S9 used for metabolic activation was prepared from livers of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River (Velaz), Czech Republic) pre-treated with the agent 20-methylcholanthrene. S9-MIX conc. was 20%.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

1100 µg/mL , 550 µg/mL , 275 µg/mL , 137.5 µg/mL , 68.75 µg/mL

Vehicle / solvent:

sterile purified water

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

purified water

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

purified water

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

mitomycin C

other: colchicine

Remarks:

Inthe absence of S9 mix as positive control was used mitimycinn C, in the presence of S9 mix colcicine was used

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Principle of the method
Peripheral blood lymphocytes are exposed to the test item both with and without an exogenous source of metabolic activation. Concurrent solvent/vehicle and positive controls are included in all tests.
After exposure to the test item, lymphocytes are grown for a period sufficient to allow chromosome or spindle damage to lead to the formation of micronuclei in interphase cells. Harvested and stained interphase cells are analysed for the presence of micronuclei. Micronuclei should only be scored in those cells that have completed nuclear division following exposure to the test item. It is important to demonstrate that cell proliferation has occurred in both the control and treated cultures, and the extent of test item-induced cytotoxicity or cytostasis should be assessed in the cultures (or in parallel cultures) that are scored for micronuclei (1, 3).

Treatment of cell cultures

3-hour treatment in the absence and presence of S9 mix
Lymphocyte cultures were incubated for approximately 44 hours following stimulation with PHA, before addition of the test item. The test item was prepared in the vehicle and dilutions were made for both sets of cultures. Two sets of duplicate cultures were used for each treatment level, solvent and positive control cultures. The test item was dosed at 2% v/v. S 9 homogenate was present in appropriate cultures at a final concentration of 2% v/v. All cultures were identified using unique number/colour code. All cultures were incubated at 371ºC in a humidified incubator gassed with 5% v/v CO2 in air for 3 hours.
The cells were centrifuged and the medium was replaced with fresh medium. The cultures were incubated for a further 17 hours in the absence of the test item.Cytochalasin B, formulated in DMSO, was added directly to all cultures (0.1 mL/culture) to give a final concentration of 6 µg/mL per culture. The cultures were incubated for a further 27-28 hours until the scheduled harvest time.

20-hour treatment in the absence of S9 mix
Human lymphocyte culture were set up as previously described. A 20-hour continuous treatment at 37°C was used in the absence of the S9 mix. The test item was added to cultures at 2% v/v Cytochalasin B ( final conc. of 6 µg/mL) was added to all culture. The cells were harvested at - 92 hours.
Changens in osmolality of more than 50 mOsm/kg and fluctuations in pH of more than one unit may be responsible for an increase in chromosome aberrations (7), (8). Osmolality and pH measurements on post treatment incubation medium were taken in the Range-Finder test.

Harvesting and fixation
The cells were harvested by centrifugation at 800 rpm for 8 minutes. The supernatant was carefully removed and cell pellet re-suspended and treated with a 5 mL (0.075M KCl) at 37°C, cultures were incubated for 5 minutes to cause swelling. Cultures were agitated, 5 mL of ice-cold fixative (3:1 v/v methanol: glacial acetic acid) was added slowly onto the culture surface. The fixative was changed by centrifugation (at 800 rpm for 8 minutes) and resuspension. The procedure was repeated several times until the cell pellets are clean.

Slide preparation
Cells were pelleted and resuspended in a minimal amount of fresh fixative so as to give a milky suspension. Several drops of suspension were gently spread onto multiple clean, dry microscope slides. After the slides had dried the cells were stained for 5 minutes in filtered 4% (v/v) Giemsa in purified water. Four slides were prepared per culture.


Selection of doses for micronucleus analysis
Slides from the main study experiments were examined, uncoded, for proportions of mono-, bi- and multinucleate cells, to a 500 cells per culture. From these data the replication index (RI) was determined using the following formula:

((No. binucleated cells) + (2 × No. multinucleated cells )) ÷ (Total No. of cells)T
RI = × 100
((No. binucleated cells) + (2 × No. multinucleated cells )) ÷ (Total No. of cells)C

T = test item treatment culture
C = vehicle control culture

This indicates a value relative to the control. Expressed as a percentage cytotoxicity, the value is: 100 – RI = % cytotoxicity
If the maximum concentration is based on cytotoxicity, the highest concentration should aim to achieve 55±5% cytotoxicity using the recommended cytotoxicity parameters (reduction in RI to 45±5 % of the concurrent negative control). Care should be taken in interpreting positive results only found in the higher end of this 55±5% cytotoxicity range.
Five analyzable test concentrations were evaluated during main tests.

Slide analysis
One thousand binucleate cells from each culture (2000 per dose level) was analysed for micronuclei. Observations were recorded on raw data sheets.

Evaluation criteria:

Binucleate cells were only be included in the analysis if all of the following criteria are met:
1. the cytoplasm has remained essencially intact, and
2. the daughter nuclei are approximately aqual size
A micronucleus werel only be recorded if it meets for following criteria:
1. the micronucleus should have the same staining characteristic and a similar morphology to
the main nuclei, and
2. any micronucleus present is separate in the cytoplasm or only just touching a main nucleus,
and
3. micronuclei should be smooth edged and smaller than approximately one third the diameter
of the main nuclei.

Statistics:

The micronucleus frequencies observed in test item at defined concentrations were compared to those in negative control.
To determine whether the frequencies observed are statistically significant or not the procedure of chi-squared test was applied.

Species / strain:

lymphocytes: peripheral human blood lymphocytes

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

Selection of the test item concentrations for Range-Finder Test
Test highest test item concentration based on solubility in water (55 g/L) was 1100 g/mL. The use of stock solution of higher concentration (110 g/L) was not possible due its insolubility/ precipitate formation.

Range-Finder Test
The experiment was primarily designed for determination of cytotoxicity of the test item. On the other hand, the results also provided some initial mutagenic patterns of chosen test item concentrations (Tab.1a, Fig. 1) but these were not included in the final test interpretations.
Human lymphocyte culture were prepared as described in 12.2.2. The approx. 44h- cultures were treated with test item at 12 concentrations (from 0.55 to 1100 g/L) at 37°C in the absence of the S9 mix. The test item was added to cultures at 2% v/v, Cytochalasin B ( final conc. of 6 µg/mL) was added to all culture. The cells were harvested at 92 hours.
The results of potential cytotoxic effects testing based on the percentage of cytotoxicity are illustrated in the Tab. 1b and Fig. 2. Cytotoxicity data are reported only for the 5 highest concentrations of 1100, 550, 275, 137.5 and 68.75 g/L. It can be stated, that the test item did not show any cytotoxic effect at chosen concentrations because the cytotoxicity was below 55 ± 5 %.
Concerning the mitotic activity (cell proliferation) in the test item culture, it did not differ in comparison with mitotic activity in the solvent control (individual data not reported).
No marked changes of pH of treatment media and osmolality values were observed in the Range-Finder experiments at concentrations up to 1100 g/mL tested as compared to the concurrent vehicle controls (individual data not reported).
Based on Range-Finder test the concentrations 1100, 550, 275, 137.5 and 68.75 were selected for the Main test.

Remarks on result:

other: strain/cell type: peripheral human blood lymphocytes

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

 Main Test

The main test was performed at five concentrationsfollowing short (3 h) treatmentwith and without metabolic activationand extended (20 h) treatment without metabolic activation.

One thousand binucleate cells from each culture (2000 per dose level) was analysed for micronuclei under each experimental conditions.

The results are summarised in Tables 2a-b, 3a-b, 4a-b and Figures 3-4.

In negative control and test item treated cultures were not found binucleated cells with more than one nicronucleus.

The average number of micronuclei at 1000 binucleated lymphocytes and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence given separately for each treated and control cultures is specified in the Tables 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a.

 

Reliability of the accurate detection of the tests item with known clastogenic activities was confirmed. Obtained results demonstrated very high statistically significant results for all the positive controls in comparison with the untreated controls.

Clastogen (-S9 mix): Mitomycin, Colchicine (p<0.001)

Clastogen (+S9 mix): cyclophosphamide monohydrate, (p<0.001)

 

The test item concentrations used in the main test showed nostatistically significant increase in incidence of micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes in comparison with the solvent control in the variant without metabolic activation and as well as with metabolic activation (P-values ranges between 0.315 - 1).

The test results with all positive controls, which significantly increased the incidence of micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes compared with the solvent control, demonstrated the functionality of the test system. 

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

It is concluded that test item Fe(III)HBEDNa administered for 3 hours at concentrations up to 1100 g/L, in both the absence and presence of S9 MIX, did not show evidence of causing an increase in the induction of micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes in this in vitro test system under the experimental conditions described.
The extended (20 h) treatment with Fe(III)HBEDNa without metabolic activation did not result in
an increase in the induction of micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes in this in vitro test system under the experimental conditions described.
Therefor the test item Fe(III)HBEDNa analyzed in terms of micronucleus test in vitro did not show genotoxicc effects on the target test system and the result of the study is considered to be negative.

Executive summary:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential genotoxic effect of the test item Fe(III)HBEDNa in the in vitro micronucleus test conducted according to the OECD Guideline 487. 

In the Range-Finder Test aimed to find potential cytotoxic effects of the test item, the test item at the highest test dose (limited by solubility) - 1100mg/mL did not reduce the cell proliferation.

 

In the main test 3 different treatments (3h treatment with and without metabolic activation and 20 h treatment without metabolic activation) were tested. Under each test condition five test item concentrations (conc. range 1100- 68.75mg/mL)were evaluated. Nostatistically significant increase of the incidence of micronuclei in comparison with the solvent control in all the test variants were determined.  (P-values ranges between 0.315 and 1.000).

No difference was observed in mitotic – cell proliferation activity for the test item concentrationsin comparison with mitotic activity of the solvent control. 

 

Functionality of the test system was demonstrated bythe test results obtained with all positive controls where the incidence of micronuclei compared with untreated negative or solvent control was significantly increased.

 

In conclusion, the test item Fe(III)HBEDNa analyzed in terms of micronucleus testin vitrodid not showgenotoxic effects on the target test system and the result of the study is considered to benegative.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

genetic toxicity in vitro

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: other: gene mutation, chromosome aberration, DNA damage

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: A toxicological profile (peer reviewed) prepared by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Summary of available in vitro studies

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable (it is a review)

Type of assay:

other: summary of genotoxicity results in different tests conducted in bacterial and mammalian cells.

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA98, TA102, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Remarks:

gene mutation

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Species / strain:

E. coli, other:

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Species / strain:

other: mouse lymphoma

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Species / strain:

other: mouselymphoma

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Remarks:

with and without activation

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Species / strain:

lymphocytes: human

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Remarks:

chromosomal aberrations

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Species / strain:

Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Remarks:

with and without activation

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

not specified

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Results of in vitro studies are shown in Table 3-5 (sse attachment below). Exposure to zinc as zinc sulfate or zinc chloride does not increase mutation frequencies in bacterial or mammalian cell culture test systems (Amacher and Paillet 1980; Gocke et al. 1981; Marzin and Vo Phi 1985; Nishioka 1975; Thompson et al. 1989; Venitt and Levy 1974; Wong 1988). Similarly, there was no convincing evidence of a clastogenic effect in human lymphocytes exposed to 0.0003–0.00003 M zinc chloride (Deknudt and Deminatti 1978).

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

Genotoxicity studies conducted in a variety of test systems have failed to provide evidence for mutagenicity of zinc. However, there are indications of weak clastogenic effects following zinc exposure.

Executive summary:

Genotoxicity studies conducted in a variety of test systems have failed to provide evidence for mutagenicity of zinc. However, there are indications of weak clastogenic effects following zinc exposure.

Results of in vitro studies are shown in Table 3-5 (sse attachment below). Exposure to zinc as zinc sulfate or zinc chloride does not increase mutation frequencies in bacterial or mammalian cell culture test systems (Amacher and Paillet 1980; Gocke et al. 1981; Marzin and Vo Phi 1985; Nishioka 1975; Thompson et al. 1989; Venitt and Levy 1974; Wong 1988). Similarly, there was no convincing evidence of a clastogenic effect in human lymphocytes exposed to 0.0003–0.00003 M zinc chloride (Deknudt and Deminatti 1978).

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (negative)

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on results of Ames Test and mammalian cell micronucleus test

performed with the source substance Fe(Na)HBED and data for inorganic zinc compounds, the target substance Zn(Na2)HBED does not need to be classified and labelled as genotoxic according to Regulation 1272/2008/EC (CLP).