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EC number: 249-854-8 | CAS number: 29797-40-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- The substance described in this dossier is an isomeric mixture of five position isomers of dichlorotoluene. The similarities concerning chemical structure and key intrinsic properties such as log Kow and water solubility lead to the assumption that the values for ecotoxicological endpoints will also be very similar for the individual isomers and the mixture of isomers and that therefore results obtained with isomers can be useful for the assessment of the mixture.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The growth inhibition of Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied in a static 40-hour test. The population density was quantified spectrophotometrically.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- log Pow: 3.95 - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Not indicated
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- Not indicated
- Test organisms (species):
- Tetrahymena pyriformis
- Details on inoculum:
- - strain: GL-C
- Laboratory culture: yes - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 40 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not indicated
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 27+/- 1°C
- pH:
- 7.4 (of the medium)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Following range finding, three replicates of six to eight concentrations of the chemicals were tested. 2 controls were run: one without test substance and with T. pyriformis and the other (blank) without test substance and T. pyriformis.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: foam-stoppered 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, containing 50 mL of sterile, semidefined proteose-peptone-based medium
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: 1000 to 5000 cells/mL
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
1000 mL distilled water
5 g Proteose peptone
5 g D-Glucose
1 g Yeast extract
1.2114 g Tris-HCl
10 mL each of the following salt solutions and pH to 7.35 with saturated NaOH:
Salt 1 (chlorides):
100 mL H20
0.5 g CaCl2 x 2 H20
0.05 g CuCl2 x 2 H20
0.0125 g FeCl3 x 6 H2O
Salt 2 (sulfates):
100 mL H2O
1 g MgSO4 x 7 H2O
0.25 g Fe (NH4)2(SO4)2 x 6 H2O
0.005 g MnCl2 x 6 H20
0.0005 g ZnCl2
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes, medium was buffered to pH 7.40 prior to sterilisation.
Control cultures, reared in growth medium become acidic, reaching a pH of 5.5 following 40 to 44 h of growth. At this pH, doubling time approaches infinity, with a cell density of approx. half a million per mL.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : the population density was quantified spectrophotometrically at 540 nm as its end points.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Not provided
- Range finding study: yes
OTHER
The test protocol allows for eight to nine cell cycles in controls.
Only replicates with control absorbency values of > 0.6 but < 0.75 were used in the analyses. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: log (IGC50exp-1)
- Effect conc.:
- 1.07 other: dimensionless
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IGC50 exp-1
- Effect conc.:
- 11.75 other: dimensionless
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IGC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.085 mmol/L
- Duration:
- 40 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: IGC50
- Effect conc.:
- 13.7 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Further details not provided
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IGC50) was determined by Probit Analysis of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. The Y values were absorbencies normalised as a percentage of the control.The X values were the toxicant concentrations in mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 40-h EC50 of 3,4 - dichloromethylbenzene was 13.7 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The growth inhibition of Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied in a static 40-hour test. The population density was quantified spectrophotometrically. 6 to 8 concentrations were tested in triplicate.
The 40-h EC50 of 3,4 - dichloromethylbenzene was 13.7 mg/L.
Since the publication is very detailed and since, according to the endpoint specific guidance document (R7.8.17.1), the sensitivity of Tetrahymena-tests is comparable to the sensitivity of respiration inhibition tests, it is concluded that this test fulfils the requirements for a reliable key- study.
Reference: Schultz, 1999
Reference
No remarks
Description of key information
The 40-h EC50 of 3,4-dichlorotoluene to Tetrahymena pyriformis was 13.7 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 13.7 mg/L
Additional information
Key study
The growth inhibition of Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied in a static 40-hour test. The population density was quantified spectrophotometrically. 6 to 8 concentrations were tested in triplicate. The 40-h EC50 of 3,4-dichlorotoluene was 13.7 mg/L. Since the publication is very detailed and since, according to the endpoint specific guidance document (R7.8.17.1), the sensitivity of Tetrahymena-tests is comparable to the sensitivity of respiration inhibition tests, it is concluded that this test fulfils the requirements for a reliable key- study.
Reference: Schultz, 1999
The similarities between the isomers concerning chemical structure and key intrinsic properties such as log kow and water solubility as well as nearly identical results for acute fish toxicity obtained for the mixture and individual isomers justify read across from tests results obtained with the individual isomers 2,4-DCT and 3,4-DCT to the mixture. A more detailed argumentation for read-across is given in the Summary "Aquatic toxicity".
Disregarded studies
The bioluminescence inhibition of Photobacterium phosphoreum was measured with a Beckman instrument, Model 2055. Five test concentrations with a spacing factor of 2 were incubated with the bacteria at 15°C for 15 min. Further details are not provided.
The 15-min EC50 of 3,4-dichlorotoluene was 1.4 mg/L.
Though MICROTOX tests should be considered of low relevance for the STP according to the endpoint specific guidance (R7.8.17.1), the result is almost comparable to the key result. As the reliability is not assignable, the result is disregarded, despite of the lower value.
Reference: Hermens, 1985
The bioluminescence inhibition of Photobacterium phosphoreum after 15 min exposure was determined by using the DXY-2 toxicity analyzer of the Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, Nanjing. Further details are not provided.
The 15-min EC50 of 2,5-dichlorotoluene was 6.71 mg/L.
Though MICROTOX tests should be considered of low relevance for the STP according to the endpoint specific guidance (R7.8.17.1), the result is comparable to the key result. As the reliability is not assignable, the result is disregarded, despite of the lower value.
Reference: Huang, 1996
Further studies
The respiration inhibition of activated sludge from predominantly industrial sewage was tested with the dichloromethylbenzene isomeric mixture according to the German ISO guideline 8192 (1986). Test duration was 3 hours.
The EC50 was determined to be 11 g/L.
Since no information is available on possible adaption, the reliability is not assignable.
Reference: Caspers & Müller, 1991
The respiration inhibition of activated sludge from predominantly industrial sewage was tested with 2,3-dichlorotoluene according to the OECD-guideline 209. Test duration was 3 hours.
The EC50 was determined to be 70 mg/L.
Since no information is available on possible adaption, the reliability is not assignable.
Reference: Bayer, 1985
The respiration inhibition of activated sludge (source not reported) was tested with another isomeric mixture of dichloromethylbenzene isomers containing considerably more 2,6-dichlorotoluene. Test method was the German ISO guideline 8192. Test duration was 3 hours.
The EC50 was determined to be > 10 g/L.
Since only a short is abstract available, the reliability is not assignable.
Reference: Bayer, 1989
The acute toxicity of 2,4- dichlorotoluene to Pseudomonas putida was determined in a 30 minutes flow-through test. The EC0 was determined to be 125 mg/L.
An EC50 > 125 mg/L may be derived from this result.
Since only a short abstract available, the reliability is not assignable.
Reference: Bayer, 1991
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