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EC number: 204-690-6 | CAS number: 124-22-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Environmental distribution
Primary alkyl amines are surface-active substances. They consist of a hydrocarbon part which on its own would be poorly soluble in water, and a hydrophilic amino group. The substances are strong organic bases with pKa values for C8 – C18 amines around 10.6. Under environmental conditions the main fraction will exist as alkyl ammonium ions. Salts with anorganic acids like sulfate, phosphate or silicate are poorly or not soluble and are not surface-active in water. Salts with organic acids like acetic acid, benzoic acid, benzoesulfinic acid and others are more soluble (Hoechst AG, 1980b).
Adsorption/desorption
Due to the surface-active properties, long-chained alkyl amines adsorb strongly onto the solid phase of soil and sediments. The substances can adsorb both onto the organic fraction and, dependent on the chemical composition, onto the surface of the mineral phase, where sodium and potassium ions can be exchanged against the alkyl ammonium ion(Hoechst AG, 1980b).
The determination of a Koc from log Kow is not opportune, because the common equations for Koc derivation are not valid for both ionic and surface active substances.
Slangen (2000) studied the adsorption behaviour of 1-14C-labelled n-octadecylamine in a batch equilibrium experiment according OECD 106. Two soils collected in UK (Cranfield 164 soil, 21.8% clay, 6.6% organic matter, silt loam; Cranfield 266 soil, 50.2% clay, 2.6% organic matter, clay), one sediment collected in The Netherlands (18.7% clay, 4.1% organic matter, silt loam) and a sewage sludge (45.9% clay, 51.9% organic matter, silty clay) were used, encompassing a range of % clay and organic material. The test substance adsorbed partially onto the container walls which was considered for the determination of the adsorption coefficients. Adsorption kinetics was determined by measurements at different sampling times (up to 24 h), an equilibrium was reached after 3 hours. Desorption occurred to a lesser extent than adsorption: for Cranfield 164 soil 24.4% desorption after 47 hours and 24.2% after 166 hours were determined, while desorption for Cranfield 266 soil was 13.7% after 47 hours and 19.1% after 166 hours. The Freundlich adsorption isotherms were determined to:
Table:Freundlich adsorption isotherms determined by Slangen (2000):
Compartment |
KFAds (μg1-1/n(cm3)1/ng-1) |
1/n |
Soil: Cranfield 164 silt loam |
3065 |
1.5384 |
Soil: Cranfield 266 clay |
30053 |
1.8897 |
Sediment: Oostvaardersplassen silt loam |
6433 |
1.4478 |
Sewage sludge: DB1 silty clay |
821 |
1.0322 |
Apparently, the sorption onto Cranfield 266 soil is much higher than to Cranfield 164 despite of the higher organic matter content in Cranfield 164 soil. This can be explained that ionic interactions play a more important role than hydrophobic partitioning with organic matter. Alkyl ammonium ions can interact with the surface of mineral particles or with negative charges of humic substances. The influence of the chain length on the sorption behaviour is therefore expected to be low, and the experimental results obtained in the test with octadecyl amine can be taken as representative for the other products. As well, an influence of the double bond (in octadecenylamine) onto sorption is not expected.
The adsorption isotherms determined by Slangen (2000) are non-linear. The distribution constants for soils and sediment decrease dramatically as the concentrations decrease. The lowest aquatic equilibrium concentration in the experiment (5 µg/l) is more than one order of magnitude higher than the calculated PEC values. For example, with the isotherm determined for the sediment and an aquatic concentration of 10 ng/l, a Kp value of 37 l/kg is calculated, which is far below the constants determined in the experiment (707 – 3140 l/kg). Apparently, extrapolation to low concentrations would lead to unrealistic results.
According to the Danish EPA (2004) a more reliable method of extrapolation is to use the data originating from the lowest measured concentrations and to assume that the coefficient remains constant at lower concentrations. At the 2 lowest concentrations, values of 707 and 687 l/kg were experimentally determined, the mean value (697 l/kg) is used for the exposure assessment.
The mean values for the two soils are 252 and 342 l/kg, respectively. Because there is no principal difference between soil and sediments on respect to the sorption properties, as a worst case approach the value for sediment is also used for soils and suspended particles.
For the adsorption onto sludge, values of 687 and 674 l/kg were determined for the 2 lowest concentrations. The mean value (680 l/kg) is used for the exposure calculation.
In the table below, the distribution constants used in this assessment are summarized:
Table:Distribution constants for primary alkyl amines
Kpsoil |
697 l.kg-1 |
Ksoil-water |
1050 m3.m-3 |
Kpsusp |
697 l.kg-1 |
Ksusp-water |
175 m3.m-3 |
Kpsed |
697 l.kg-1 |
Ksed-water |
349 m3.m-3 |
Kpsludge |
680 l.kg-1 |
|
|
With a Kpsuspof 697 l/kg and a concentration of 15 mg/l suspended matter in surface waters, the adsorbed fraction is calculated as 1.0%.
Volatilisation:
Considering the low calculated values for protonated Primary alkyl amines, volatilisation at environmental conditions is expected to be negligible. For the model calculations, a mean value of 0.01Pa.m3/mol is used.
As primary alkyl amines are not released into air in relevant amounts, volatilisation from surface waters is not expected, and degradation half-lives in the atmosphere are relatively short (about 7.5 h), the compounds are not expected to occur in precipitation.
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