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EC number: 270-115-0 | CAS number: 68411-30-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods, other
- Remarks:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented journal article.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Predacious mite test: No internationally accepted guideline is available for mite reproduction. Effects on reproduction on the predacious mite (H. aculeifer) were examined according to a method described by Krogh and Axelsen. Ten female and five male H. aculeifer (16-19 days old) were added to each test container together with 100 F. fimetaria (16-19 days old) serving as prey for the mites. Incubation and extraction of mite offspring followed the same procedure as described for springtails.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Application method:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Springtail: Twenty-seven grams dry weight of soil were mixed with 3 mL of LAS solution and filled into cylindrical test containers with lids. The bottom of the cylinder consisting of a 1-mm mesh to allow later extraction of the test animals. The mesh was covered with a layer of plastic film to prevent escape of the test animals.
Mite: A total of 54 g dry weight of soil was mixed with 6 mL of LAS solution and filled into test containers (as described for springtails). - Test organisms (species):
- other: Folsomia fimetaria, Hypogastrura assimilis, Hypoaspis aculeifer
- Animal group:
- other: soil-dwelling
- Details on test organisms:
- Springtail: Adult, rather than juvenile, springtails were used. Ten male and ten female F. fimetaria (23-26 days old)
Mite: Ten female and five male H. aculeifer (16-19 days old) - Study type:
- other: no data
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Details on test conditions:
- A natural sandy, agricultural soil was used for all tests, rather than synthetic test soil.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Springtail: The test concentrations were not listed but can be estimated from Figure 6 to be 0, 10, 25, 75, 275, and 800, with the numbers of adult surviving per replicate to be approximately 145, 155, 115, 110, 165, and 165 and the numbers of juveniles per replicate (reproduction) to be approximately 285, 275, 190, 145, 205, and 10.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 82 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hypoaspis aculeifer
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hypogastrura assimilis
- Details on results:
- It should be noted that these studies report worst case exposures due to the use of a sandy test soil and the fact that LAS was added as an aqueous solution to the soil. In addition, too few replicates were used for the ECx approach (e.g., <5 controls) and several key deviations from draft protocols limited the reliability of endpoints for some studies (e.g., A. caliginosa and A. longa cocoon production). Nominal concentrations were derived from tables and figures since actual values were not found in the text.
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 for H. assimilis was 100 mg/kg dry weight, and the EC10 for H. aculeifer was 82 mg/kg dry weight.
- Executive summary:
Groups of H. assimilis and H. aculeifer were exposed to various concentrations of test material for 21 days. At the end of this period, the number of offspring were counted. Based on reproduction, The EC10 for H. assimilis was 100 mg/kg dry weight, and the EC10 for H. aculeifer was 82 mg/kg dry weight.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods, other
- Remarks:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented, peer-reviewed publication.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The toxicity of LAS to soil dwelling organisms was tested in three soil types. Various LAS salts (Na, Ca, and Mg) were tested in one soil type (sandy) to determine the effection of speciation to toxicity. In each test, 10 male and 10 female organisms were placed in containers with test substance added to the soil. Exposure lasted 21 days, at the end of which the number of adult and juvenile organisms were counted.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- 30 g soil samples were stored at -20 degrees C until analysis.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Acetone was used in the Ca-LAS and Mg-LAS tests as these compounds are insoluble in water.
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia sp.
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 23-26 days - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 degrees C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- 5.5-5.8
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 12:12 photoperiod
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 5.5 x 6 cm cylindrical containers
- Amount of soil or substrate: 30 g moist soil
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 male/10 female
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: Lundgaard
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 66.9 coarse, 15.8 fine
- % silt: 8.6
- % clay: 6.2
- Soil classification system: sandy soil
- Organic carbon (%): 1.5
- CEC: 3.23 mEq/100 g
- Pretreatment of soil: dried at 80 degrees C, and sifted through 2 mm mesh
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: Askov
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 38.4 coarse, 23.6 fine
- % silt: 22.3
- % clay: 13.0
- Soil classification system: loamy soil
- Organic carbon (%): 1.6
- CEC: 8.14 mEq/100 g
- Pretreatment of soil: dried at 80 degrees C, and sifted through 2 mm mesh
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12:12
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: Flakkebjerg
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 23.4 coarse, 25.5 fine
- % silt: 34.2
- % clay: 15.1
- Soil classification system: clay soil
- Organic carbon (%): 1.0
- CEC: 10.16 mEq/100 g
- Pretreatment of soil: dried at 80 degrees C, and sifted through 2 mm mesh
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : number of surviving adults and juveniles counted on day 21 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 8, 28, 79, 278, 793 mg/kg dry weigth measured
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 85 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Na-LAS in sandy soil
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 93 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Na-LAS in clay soil
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 87 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Na-LAS in sandy soil
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 106 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Ca-LAS in sandy soil
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 97 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mg-LAS in sandy soil
- Details on results:
- Soil type had little effect on the toxicity of Na-LAS to soil organisms. Salt speciation also had little effect on toxicity.
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 for Folsomia fimetaria in various soils ranged from 85-93 mg/kg dry weight soil.
- Executive summary:
Groups of 10 male and 10 female Folsomia fimetaria were exposed to various concentrations of Na-LAS in three different soil types for 21 days. At the end of this period, the number of adult and juvenile organisms was counted. Another test was done to compare the toxicity of three LAS salts, Na, Ca, and Mg, in one soil type (sandy). There was little variation in toxicity among the three soil types and in the three salt species. The EC10 for Folsomia fimetaria in various soils ranged from 85-93 mg/kg dry weight soil.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods, other
- Remarks:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented, peer-reviewed publication.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Initial concentrations were measured.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- LAS was mixed in demineralized water, and then added to dry Askov soil. Fresh sludge (approx. 200 g) was freeze-dried. This was crushed and sieved through a 2 mm sieve. A methanol solution of LAS was then added to the sludge.
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: permanent laboratory cultures
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 10-12 days - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Amount of soil or substrate: 26 g soil mixed with 4 ml test solution
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 3
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: Askov
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 76
- % silt: 12
- % clay: 11
- Soil classification system: sandy loam
- Organic carbon (%):1.3
- CEC: 13.4 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 25-300 mg/kg soil
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 205 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Reproduction was not significantly affected, but an indicative EC10 was estimated at 205 mg/kg soil.
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 for Folsomia candida based on reproduction was 205 mg/kg soil.
- Executive summary:
Groups of F. candida were exposed to concentrations of 25-300 mg LAS/kg soil. Exposure lasted 28 days, after which adult survival and reproductive parameters were examined. The EC10 based on reproduction was 205 mg/kg soil.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods, other
- Remarks:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented, peer-reviewed journal article.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Wiles, JA, and Krogh, PH (1998). Test with the collembolans Isotoma viridis, Folsomia candida and Folsomia fimetaria. In Handbook of Soil Invertebrate Toxicity Tests (H. Lokke and C.A.M. van Gestel, Eds.), pp. 131-156. Wiley, Baffins, West Sussex, Eng.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- no information
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- LAS was dissolved in water, and added to soil so that water content equaled 50% of the water-holding capacity.
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia sp.
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: Danish National Environmental Research Institute
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): adults
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 10-30 ug, 0.8-1.4 mm - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 1 degree C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- 6.2
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 400-800 lux for 12/12 hrs
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 5.5 cm high x 6 cm diamter plastic cylinders with 1 mm mesh at bottom
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 male/10 female
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: Askov
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 62
- % silt: 22.3
- % clay: 13.0
- Soil classification system: sandy loam
- Organic carbon (%): 1.6
- CEC: 8.14 meq/100 g soil
- Pretreatment of soil: dried at 80 degrees C for 24 hrs and sieved through a 2-mm mesh
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12/12
- Light intensity: 400-800 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : number of organims - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- control, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg soil dry weight
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 161 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- 50% mortality was not seen even at the highest concentration tested (800 mg/kg soil dw).
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 for Folsomia fimetaria was 161 mg/kg soil dw.
- Executive summary:
Groups of 10 male and 10 female Folsomia fimetaria were exposed to nominal concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg soil dw of LAS for 21 days. At the end of this period, the number of organisms were counted. The EC10 for F. fimetaria was 161 mg/kg soil dw based on reproduction.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods, other
- Remarks:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented, peer-reviewed publication.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of 10 male and 10 female F. fimetaria were exposed to concentrations of LAS ranging from 0 -1000 mg/kg dw soil for 21 days. At the end of the 21 days, the number of F. fimetaria were counted, and the number of surviving adults and juveniles as the result of reproduction were counted.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Application method:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken 2, 17, and 31 days after the soil was spiked.
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- LAS was dissolved in water and mixed with 30 g moist soil (25.5 g dry). The mixture was prepared immediately before the experiment.
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia sp.
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: laboratory culture
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 23-26 days
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD): - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 degrees C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- 5.5
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 12 hrs light/12 hrs dark
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Amount of soil or substrate: 30 g moist
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 male/10 female
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographic location: Speyer, Germany
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand: 34.8
- % silt: 5.6
- % clay: 5.2
- % gravel: 54.6
- Organic carbon (%): 2.3
- Pretreatment of soil: dried at 80 degrees C
- Storage (condition, duration): 5 degrees C
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12/12 hrs
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : survival and reproduction at 21 days of exposure measured using digital image processing - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0-1000 mg/kg dry soil
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 147 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 116-178
- Details on results:
- Adult survival was unaffected at all concentrations. Reproductive output decreased linearly with increasing concentration, with 430 juveniles produced in control containers, to only 150 juveniles produced at the highest concentration (1000 mg/kg dw soil).
- Conclusions:
- The 21-day EC10 for F. fimetaria was 147 mg/kg dw soil based on reproduction.
- Executive summary:
Groups of 10 male and 10 female F. fimetaria were exposed to concentrations of LAS ranging from 0 -1000 mg/kg dw soil for 21 days. At the end of the 21 days, the number of F. fimetaria were counted, and the number of surviving adults and juveniles as the result of reproduction were counted. There was no effect on adult survival, however, there was a dose-related decrease in reproduction. The EC10 based on reproduction was 147 mg/kg dw soil.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods, other
- Remarks:
- toxicity to non-target arthropods on natural substrate (NTA other than pollinators)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well reported published study.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of 20 P. Peltifer mites were exposed to various concentrations of LAS up to 1000 mg/kg dw soil. The exposure lasted 10 weeks. The mortality and reproduction of the mites at the end of this period was assessed.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Application method:
- soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil: Test substance was dissolved in a suitable amount of water and thoroughly mixed into test substrate.
- Controls: Controls were treated similarly to test containers, but without test substance.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): water - Test organisms (species):
- other: Platynothrus peltifer
- Animal group:
- other: soil-dwelling
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: oribatid mite
- Source: Needle litter from coniferous forest near Roggebotszand, Netherlands
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): adult
- Date of collection: 1993
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: animals used were adults collected as tritonymphs
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Culture pots contained a 1-2 cm layer of plaster of Paris and covered with cheese cloth.
- Feeding: Green algae on smalle pieces of bark from pine twigs. - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Total exposure duration:
- 10 wk
- Test temperature:
- 18-20 degree C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- 6.0 +/- 0.5
- Humidity:
- Water content of soil was 30-40% of total water capacity.
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- 12 hrs light/12 hrs dark, ~400 lux
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): 5 cm diameter x 3.5 cm high containers. Bottom consists of a 1 mm mesh sealed with plastic foil. The top is covered with a hole covered with cheese cloth to allow aeration.
- Amount of soil or substrate: 75 g (dry weight)
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 20
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 5
- No. of replicates per control: 1
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Soil texture (if natural soil): Lufa 2.2
- % clay: 5.1%
- Organic carbon (%): 3.9%
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 hrs light/12 hrs dark
- Light intensity: ~400 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : At 2, 6, and 12 weeks after start of exposure, the mites are removed with a Tullgren apparatus and counted. The percentage mortality and number of offspring produced. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg dry soil
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- copper chloride
- Duration:
- 10 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 320 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Platynothrus peltifer
- Duration:
- 10 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- The NOEC in LUFA 2.2 soil was 320 mg/kg soil dw based on reproduction.
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC for P. peltifer was 320 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
Groups of 20 P. Peltifer mites were exposed to various concentrations of LAS up to 1000 mg/kg dw soil. The exposure lasted 10 weeks. The mortality and reproduction of the mites at the end of this period was assessed. The NOEC for P. peltifer, based on reproduction was 320 mg/kg dw soil. The LOEC was 1000 mg/kg dw soil.
Referenceopen allclose all
The following table shows the results of all tests. All values are nominal LAS concentrations in mg/kg dry weight.
Species |
Parameter |
NOEC |
LOEC |
LC10 or EC10 |
LC50 or EC50 |
Relia-bility Rating |
Rationale for Reliability Rating |
Enchytraeus albidus |
Survival, adults Reproduction |
198 20 |
397 40 |
194 6 |
430 41 |
1 1 |
Draft ISO/WD 16387 protocol |
Aporrectodea caliginosa |
Survival, adults Cocoon production Survival, juveniles Growth, juveniles |
278 >793 >397 278 |
793 >793 >397 397 |
329 14 >397 105 |
535 129 >397 354 |
2 3 2 2 |
Comparable to ISO 11268-2 Deviations; limited cocoons Comparable to ISO 11268-2, but with only weight measurement |
Aporrectodea longa |
Survival, adults Cocoon production Survival, juveniles Growth, juveniles |
278 >793 397 79 |
793 >793 793 278 |
329 27 296 84 |
535 137 517 349 |
2 3 2 2 |
Comparable to ISO 11268-2 Deviations; limited cocoons Comparable to ISO 11268-2, but with only weight measurement |
Folsomia fimetaria |
Survival, adults Reproduction |
>793 278 |
>793 278 |
>793 85 |
>793 424 |
1 1 |
Comparable to ISO 11267 |
Hypogastrura assimilis |
Reproduction |
79 |
278 |
99 |
421 |
1 |
Comparable to ISO 11267 |
Hypoaspis aculeifer |
Survival, adults Reproduction |
>793 278 |
>793 793 |
>793 82 |
>793 236 |
2 2 |
No guideline available |
Species |
Endpoint |
NOEC |
EC10 |
EC50 |
Eisenia foetida |
Reproduction |
383 |
558 |
|
Lumbricus terrestris |
Weight |
667 |
||
Aporrectodea caliginosa |
Reproduction |
14 |
129 |
|
Aporrectodea longa |
Reproduction |
27 |
137 |
|
Folsomia fimetaria |
Reproduction |
96 |
442 |
|
Folsomia candida |
Reproduction |
18 |
91 |
|
Hypoaspis aculeifer |
Reproduction |
81.7 |
236 |
|
Enchytraeus albidus |
Reproduction |
6.2 |
40.5 |
|
Platynothrus peltifer |
Reproduction |
320 |
467 |
|
Isotoma viridis |
Growth |
41 |
||
Hypogastrura assimilis |
Reproduction |
99.8 |
421 |
Description of key information
A series of studies have been conducted on soil macroorganisms that include or exclude arthropods. The primary route of entry for LAS into the terrestrial environment is land application of sewage sludge intended as an amendment to agricultural lands. A large number of terrestrial ecotoxicology studies were reviewed by Jensen et al. (2007) to develop a European wide risk assessment of LAS in agricultural soils. Nine invertebrate species, three oligochaetes and six arthropods, have been evaluated in chronic toxicity to LAS in soil. Endpoints were all considered sensitive for these taxa. Only growth and reproduction endpoints were used in the PNEC derivation for soil. Effects on oligochaetes (Table 37) and arthropods (Table 38) were highly overlapping.
A European-wide risk assessment of LAS in agricultural soils was developed based on review of terrrestrial ecotoxicology studies. Six arthropods have been evaluated in chronic toxicity studies of LAS in soil. Only growth and reproduction endpoints were used in the PNEC derivation for soil. NOECs or EC10s for arthropods varied from 41-320 mg/kg soil. F. fimeteria had EC10s that ranged from 85-161 mg/kg soil for the reproduction endpoint (most sensitive).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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