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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- one-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on generations indicated in Effect levels (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- December 1, 2014 - May 21, 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 015
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 421 (Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (July 27, 1995)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Y-513
- Physical state: Yellow powder
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature (actual values: 17.2 to 24°C)
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Crl:CD(SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Atsugi Breeding Center, Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc.
- Age at study initiation: At least 10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation (rats of 10 weeks): 397-479 g (males); 248-286 g (females).
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing:
Pre-mating: Animals were housed individually in bracket-type stainless-steel wire-mesh cages, except during mating.
From gestation day 17 until day 4 post-partum, dams were housed with their litters in plastic Econ cages.
- Diet: Free access to pelleted diet NMF(radiation-sterilized), from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- Water: Free access to tap water.
- Acclimation period: 25 days (including 3 days quarantined)
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23 – 24
- Humidity (%): 37 - 53
- Air changes (per hr): approx 10-15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: December 24, 2014 - February 15, 2015
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: Gum arabic
- Details on exposure:
- Preparation of vehicle: A requisite amount of gum arabic (Lot nr. PDQ6904, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in water for injection to prepare 5.0 w/v% solution. The vehicle was prepared on each day the test suspensions were prepared.
Preparation of formulation: Requisite amount of the test article to prepare the test suspension for each dose level was weighed, put into a porcelain mortar and suspended in the vehicle, which was added little by little. After transfer to a measuring cylinder, the vehicle was added to make the specified volume and concentration. Then the suspension was mixed well by inverting the cylinder several times. The test suspensions were prepared at once every 2, 4, 5 or 7 days.
Storage conditions of formulations: Dosing formulations (including the dosing solution for the control group) were divided into one-day aliquots, put into brown glass bottles and stored in a cold place (in a refrigerator, acceptable temperature: 1 to 10°C; actual values: 3 to 6°C) and used by day 7 (day of preparation: day 0).
Stability: Y-513 in test suspensions within the range of 5 to 100 mg/mL were stable after 8 days in a cold place (1-10°C) followed by 24 hours at room temperature in a brown glass bottle.
Dose volume: 10 mL/kg body weight. Actual dose volumes were calculated according to the most recent body weight. - Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage:1/1 (one female was cohabitated with one male of the same treatment group in the cages of males);
- Length of cohabitation: A maximum of 14 days was allowed for mating.
- Proof of pregnancy: Detection of mating was confirmed by evidence of sperm in the vaginal lavage, and/or or by the appearance of an vaginal plug. This day was designated day 0 post-coitum. Once mating had occurred, the males and females were separated.
- After 14 days of unsuccessful pairing one female (dosed at 50 mg/ kg bw/ day) who had not shown evidence of mating was separated from her male. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Once before the start of administration and once in week 4 of administration the test suspension of each dose concentration to be used for administration was analyzed. Three fractions (10 mL, each from the upper, middle and lower layers) were collected from each concentration and analyzed by HPLC.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Males were exposed for 28 days, i.e. 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to termination. Females were exposed for 40 to 53 days, i.e. during 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating (minimal 1 day), during post-coitum (minimal 3 weeks), and during at least 4 days of lactation.
Pups were not treated directly, but were potentially exposed to the test substance in utero and through lactational transfer. - Frequency of treatment:
- Once daily for 7 d/w.
- Details on study schedule:
- - Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: Approximately 13 weeks
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 50, 250, 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 12
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale:
In a previous repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rats with a recovery period of 14 days (Study Code: B11-0846, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, 2008), administration of Y-513 at the dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw/day was associated with no general toxicological effects on males and females. And there were no abnormalities in the recovery test. Therefore, in this study, 1000 mg/kg bw/ day, which corresponds to the recommended highest dose in the Test Guideline, was selected as the highest dose, and 250 and 50 mg/kg bw/ day were selected as the middle and low doses.
Parturition:
The females were allowed to litter normally. The day of birth was regarded as day 0 post-partum.
Selection of animals for selected measurements:
Only the organs in the control group and the high dose group were subjected to microscopic examination (for bilateral organs, organs of both sides). - Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS
- Time schedule: at least once daily
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS
- All animals were observed 3 times daily (before dosing, immediately after dosing, 1-3 hours after dosing) for clinical signs such as abnormalities in external appearance, appearance of excrement, nutritional condition, posture and behavior. Periodical in-the-hand observation during the gestation period was done on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 of gestation.
BODY WEIGHT
- Males and females were weighed on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22 and 25 of administration and on the day of necropsy. Females were additionally weighed on gestation days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 20 and on days 0 and 4 post-partum.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
For males and females, food consumption was measured on days 2, 4, 8, 11 and 15 of administration during the pre-mating administration period. Additionally, for females, food consumption was measured also for gestation days 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 20 as well as days 2 and 4 post-partum. One day’s food consumption was calculated as the difference from the amount supplied on the previous day. Both the amounts supplied and left uneaten were measured before the dosing of the day during the administration period, and in the morning on day 4 post-partum.
FOOD EFFICIENCY
No
WATER CONSUMPTION
No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION
No - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- During the pre-mating administration period, the number of estruses and mean number of days from estrus to the next estrus (estrous cycle) were determined using the vaginal smears consisting of many cornified epithelial cells as an index for estruses.
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- Parameters examined in all male parental generations:
Testis and epididymis weight; histopathology of testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles. - Litter observations:
- PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in F1 offspring:
Day of birth: Number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, presence or absence of external abnomalies, body weight.
Daily: Mortality
Day 4: external abnormalies, sex, body weight.
GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS
Yes, if possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated. - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- GROSS PATHOLOGY
Animals surviving to scheduled necropsy and all moribund animals were anaesthetised with isoflurane and subsequently exsanguinated. The organs/tissues in the external surface and the cephalic, thoracic and abdominal cavities were observed macroscopically on the day following the final administration.
The number of corpora lutea and implantation sites were counted for all females.
ORGAN WEIGHTS
The absolute and relative weight of testis and epididymis were recorded.
HISTOPATHOLOGY
- For all animals, the organs of the reproductive system (males; prostate, seminal vesicle, females; ovary, uterus, vagina) were fixed and preserved in phosphate buffered 10 vol% formalin with the part for individual identification (ear auricle). The testis and epididymis were fixed in Bouin’s solution and preserved in phosphate buffered 10 vol% formalin on the next day. After paraffin embedding, the organs of the reproductive system were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H&E).
- The organs in the control group and the high dose group were subjected to microscopic examination (for bilateral organs, organs of both sides were examined microscopically). - Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- SACRIFICE
Pups surviving to planned termination were killed by deep isoflurane anesthesia on lactation day 4.
GROSS NECROPSY
All pups were sexed and descriptions of all external abnormalities were recorded. If possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated. Any abnormal pup, organ or tissue was preserved in 10% buffered formalin for possible further examination.
HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGTHS
No. - Statistics:
- The following statistical methods were used to analyse the data:
- For body weight, body weight gain (males: day 1 of administration to the day of necropsy, females: day 1 to day 15 of administration, gestation day 0 to 20, day 0 to 4 post-partum), food consumption, number of estruses, estrous cycle, number of days until copulation, length of gestation period, number of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites, number of liveborns, sex ratio (days 0 and 4 post-partum) and organ weight, group mean with standard deviation was calculated for each group, and subjected to Bartlett’s test for homogeneity of variance (level of significance: 0.01).
-Homogeneous data were analyzed by Dunnett’s test (levels of significance: 0.05 and 0.01, two-tailed).
- The implantation index, stillbirth index, index of external abnormalities, livebirth index and viability index on postnatal day 4 were analyzed by Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test (levels of significance: 0.05 and 0.01) after the group mean with standard deviation was calculated for each group.
- The copulation index, fertility (insemination) index and delivery index were calculated from the number of copulated animals, number of males that impregnated females, number of pregnant females and number of females that delivered liveborns which were counted for each group, and then analyzed by Fisher’s exact test (the levels of significance: 0.05 and 0.01, two-tailed). - Reproductive indices:
- Copulation index (%) = (No. of copulated animals / No. of animals housed together) × 100
Fertility (insemination) index (%) = [No. of pregnant females (No. of males that impregnate females) / No. of females (males) copulated] × 100
Delivery index (%) = (No. of females which delivered liveborns / No. of pregnant females) × 100
Implantation index (%) = (No. of implantation sites / No. of corpora lutea) × 100 - Offspring viability indices:
- Stillbirth index (%) = (No. of stillborns / No. of liveborns + No. of stillborns) × 100
Index of external abnormalities (%) = (No. of liveborns with external abnormalities / No. of liveborns) × 100
Live birth index (%) = (No. of liveborns / No. of implantation sites) × 100
Viability index on day 4 post-partum (%) = (No. of live pups on day 4 post-partum / No. of liveborns) × 100
Sex ratio of liveborns on day 0 post-partum = (No. of male liveborns / No. of liveborns)
Sex ratio of live pups on day 4 post-partum = (No. of male live pups on day 4 post-partum / No. of live pups on day 4 post-partum)
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- (only reproductive organs measured)
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not examined
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
Details on results (P0)
No mortality occurred during the study.
CLINICAL SIGNS
Yellow-colored feces were observed in all animals dosed at 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/ day. In one female dosed at 250 mg/ kg bw/ day a mass in the inguinal region was observed from gestation day 20 to the end of the experiment. This was an incidental finding and not expected to be substance-related.
BODY WEIGHTS
In males and females, no significant differences were noted in the body weight or body weight gains during the administration period between the control group and any dosage group.
FOOD CONSUMPTION
In males, no significant differences were noted in the food consumption during the administration period between the control group and any dosage group. In females, incidental high values in food consumptions were noted compared to controls (on day 15 of administration in the 50 mg/kg bw/ day group and on lactation day 2 in the 1000 mg/kg bw/ day), this was not found to be substance-related.
MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
Two males dosed at 50 mg/kg bw/ day were found to have a white focus on the epididymis. As this was not seen at higher doses, this was not found to be substance-related. One female dosed at 250 mg/kg bw had a subcutaneous nodule (incidental observation).
ORGAN WEIGHTS
No significant differences were noted in the absolute and/or relative weights of the testis or epididymis between the control group and any dosage group.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
No effects were seen in the reproductive organs of males and females in dosed groups compared to the control groups.
REPRODUCTIVE DATA/ GESTATION
The estrous cycle of dosed females during pre-mating period did not differ from the estrous cycle of the control animals. All copulated females (except for 2 females in the control group which were found to be non-pregnant) delivered their pups normally in each group and no significant differences were noted in the delivery index, gestation length, implantation index, stillborn index, live birth index, numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites or liveborns between the control group and any dosage group. There were no abnormalities in nursing condition in any of the dams.
Effect levels (P0)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No adverse effects seen at highest dose tested.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- Reproduction
- Effect level:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No adverse effects seen at highest dose tested.
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality / viability:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Sexual maturation:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings:
- not examined
Details on results (F1)
The sex ratio of liveborns at birth and day 4 was low for the rats exposed to 50 mg/kg bw/ day (0.41 for both time points), but as this was not seen at higher doses (ratio's of 0.49 and 0.56 (at birth) , 0.49 and 0.55 (day 4) for resp. 250 and 1000 mg/ kg bw/ day) this was found to be incidental and not related to the test substance exposure.
MORTALITY PUPS
The mean number of liveborn pups and the live birth index did not differ between control and treatment groups. No significant differences were noted in the viability index on day 4 post-partum between the control group and any dosage group.
CLINICAL SIGNS
No clinical signs were noted in the pups.
BODY WEIGHT PUPS
No significant differences were noted in body weight on day 0 and day 4 post-partum in males or females between the control group and any dosage group.
MACROSCOPY PUPS
There were no abnormalities at birth and on day 4 in the external appearance of liveborns in any group.
Effect levels (F1)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- Development
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No adverse effects seen at highest dose tested.
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In an oral repro/developmental toxicity screening study, performed according to OECD guideline 421, the parental, reproduction and developmental NOAEL were derived to be at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day, based on no adverse effects seen at the highest dose tested.
- Executive summary:
An oral repro/developmental toxicity screening study was performed according to OECD guideline 421 and GLP principles. Test substance Y-513 was administered to male and female rats at 50, 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/ day for 14 days before mating and throughout the mating period until the day before necropsy for males (28 days in total) and throughout the gestation period until day 3 post-partum for females (40 -53 days in total). Accuracy and homogeneity of formulations were confirmed by analyses. No mortality occurred during the study. No clinical signs were noted and the test substance had no effect on body weight gain and/ or food consumption of the animals. Furthermore, no differences were noted between control and exposed groups during gross macroscopic investigation. No adverse effects were seen in the reproductive organs of males and females in dosed groups compared to the control groups, the estrous cycle of dosed females, fertility index, delivery index, gestation length, implantation index, stillborn index, live birth index, numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites or live-borns. There were no abnormalities in nursing condition in any of the dams. The mean number of live-born pups, the live birth index did not differ between control and treatment groups. The test substance did not influence the sex ratio of the pups.
Based on the outcome of this study, both the parental, reproduction and the developmental NOAEL were found to be at least 1000 mg/ kg bw/ day, based on no adverse effects seen at this dose level.
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